Glacial lake expansion in the central Himalayas by Landsat images, 1990-2010.
Glacial lake expansion in the central Himalayas by Landsat images, 1990-2010.
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Landsat 图像拍摄的喜马拉雅中部冰川湖扩张，1990 年至 2010 年
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0083973
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Liu S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nie Y;Liu Q;Liu S
冰湖溃决是高山地区的一种严重灾害。在喜马拉雅山脉，由于大多数喜马拉雅冰川在气候变暖的情况下经历了显着的向下消耗，近年来GLOFs的灾难性风险有所增加。然而，目前对喜马拉雅山脉中部冰川湖的分布和最近变化的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们进行了系统的调查，整个喜马拉雅山脉中部的冰川湖泊，使用面向对象的图像处理方法的基础上，陆地卫星专题制图仪（TM）或增强型专题制图仪（ETM）从1990年至2010年的图像。我们提取了四个时间点（1990年，2000年，2005年和2010年）的湖泊边界，并使用时间序列检查方法结合一致的空间分辨率的陆地卫星图像，一致揭示湖泊扩张。结果表明，1990 - 2010年，冰川湖泊迅速扩张了17.11%。先前存在的较大的冰川湖泊，而不是新形成的湖泊，对面积扩张贡献最大。最大的扩张发生在海拔4800和5600米之间的主喜马拉雅山脉的北侧和4500和5600米之间的南侧，分别。根据冰川湖的扩张速度、面积和类型，我们在喜马拉雅中部地区确定了67个快速扩张的冰川湖，未来需要密切监测。变暖和冰雪中吸收光的成分的增加可能加速了融化，直接影响了冰川湖的扩张。在喜马拉雅山脉的主要中部，北侧的冰川湖泊比南侧的冰川湖泊表现出更显着的扩张。迫切需要建立一个有效的监测和预警系统，以监测关键冰川湖泊。
Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a serious hazard in high, mountainous regions. In the Himalayas, catastrophic risks of GLOFs have increased in recent years because most Himalayan glaciers have experienced remarkable downwasting under a warming climate. However, current knowledge about the distribution and recent changes in glacial lakes within the central Himalaya mountain range is still limited. Here, we conducted a systematic investigation of the glacial lakes within the entire central Himalaya range by using an object-oriented image processing method based on the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) images from 1990 to 2010. We extracted the lake boundaries for four time points (1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010) and used a time series inspection method combined with a consistent spatial resolution of Landsat images that consistently revealed lake expansion. Our results show that the glacial lakes expanded rapidly by 17.11% from 1990 to 2010. The pre-existing, larger glacial lakes, rather than the newly formed lakes, contributed most to the areal expansion. The greatest expansions occurred at the altitudinal zones between 4800 m and 5600 m at the north side of the main Himalayan range and between 4500 m and 5600 m at the south side, respectively. Based on the expansion rate, area and type of glacial lakes, we identified 67 rapidly expanding glacial lakes in the central Himalayan region that need to be closely monitored in the future. The warming and increasing amounts of light-absorbing constituents of snow and ice could have accelerated the melting that directly affected the glacial lake expansion. Across the main central Himalayas, glacial lakes at the north side show more remarkable expansion than those at the south side. An effective monitoring and warning system for critical glacial lakes is urgently needed.
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