Real-world emissions of inland ships on the Grand Canal, China
Real-world emissions of inland ships on the Grand Canal, China
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中国大运河内河船舶的真实排放量
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.046
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Liang, Bin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu, Linxiao;Yin, Hang;Ye, Wentao;Liang, Bin
船舶排放被广泛认为是空气污染总量的一个相关来源，对海洋、领海和沿海地区的空气质量产生显著影响。为了评估这种影响，人们开发了各种排放模型，根据船舶活动数据计算船舶排放清单。然而，国内很少有研究收集到本地船舶的排放因子，而这些因素是准确评估船舶排放清单的决定性因素。本研究拟通过船上排放试验，获取中国大运河内河船舶的排放数据。我们测量了7艘不同发动机功率的内河船舶的CO， HC nox和PM排放，并根据巡航和操纵（包括港口出发和港口到达）操作模式得出基于距离和基于燃料的排放因子。结果表明：机动模式下CO、HC和PM的平均距离排放系数高于巡航模式；对于NOx，巡航模式的平均基于距离的排放因子高于港口到达模式，但低于港口离开模式。特定数（PN）分布分析表明，机动模式下出现了大量的小粒径PM (Dp< 0.01 μm)，影响区域空气质量和人体健康。本研究中基于燃料的nox平均排放系数比机上研究高1.4-4.3倍。与估计的一级标准限值（以g kg - 1燃料为单位）相比，本研究的NOxin几乎是一级的两倍。nox排放量的增加表明中国应该实施更严格的排放策略和政策来控制船舶排放。值得注意的是，随着发动机负荷的增加，四种污染物的基于距离的排放系数更高。
Ship emissions are widely recognized as a relevant source of the total air pollution and have a remarkable impact on air quality of the sea, territorial waters and coastal areas. To assess this impact, various emission models have been developed to calculate the emission inventory of ship based on ship activity data. However, few studies in China have collected the emission factors of local ship which are decisive factors in accurate assessment of ship emission inventory. This study intends to obtain emission data of inland ships on the Grand Canal of China by conducting on-board emission tests. We measured CO, HC NOxand PM emission from 7 inland ships of different engine powers, and derive distance-based and fuel-based emission factors on the basis of the cruise and manoeuvring (including port departure and port arrival) operating modes. The results show that average distance-based emission factors of CO, HC and PM for manoeuvring mode are higher than those for cruise mode. For NOx, average distance-based emission factors for cruise mode are higher than those for port arrival mode but lower than those for port departure mode. Particular number (PN) distribution analysis indicates that larger amounts of small size PM (Dp< 0.01 μm) appeared on manoeuvring mode, which can affect regional air quality and human health. The average fuel-based emission factor of NOxin this study is 1.4–4.3 times higher than those in on-board studies. When compared with estimated Tier 1 standard limit (in unit of g kg−1fuel), NOxin this study is nearly twice of Tier 1. The higher NOxemission indicates that stricter emission strategies and policies should be implemented to control ship emission in China. It is noticeable that distance-based emission factors of four pollutants are higher with the increase of engine loads.
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