Respiratory health among adolescents living in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in South Africa.
Respiratory health among adolescents living in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in South Africa.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-022-14497-8
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发表时间：
2022-11-21
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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空气污染是一个全球性的公共卫生紧急事件。生活在空气质量极差的地区对青少年身体健康的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查生活在南非已知空气污染热点地区的青少年中不良呼吸系统健康结果的患病率。收集了南非普马兰加省 Highveld 空气污染优先区 Secunda 和 eMbalenhle 两个地区 2005 年至 2019 年的环境空气质量数据，并与国家环境空气污染标准和世界卫生组织空气质量指南进行比较。 2019 年，这些地区的学校青少年完成了一份自填问卷，调查个人人口统计、社会经济状况、健康、病史和家庭使用的燃料类型。评估的呼吸系统健康疾病包括医生诊断的花粉热、过敏、频繁咳嗽、喘息、支气管炎、肺炎和哮喘。探讨了存在（至少一种）或不存在（无）自我报告的呼吸道疾病与危险因素（例如家里的燃料使用）之间的关系。使用逻辑回归来估计与呼吸系统疾病相关的危险因素的比值比和 95% 置信区间 (CI)，并根据体重指数（由现场助理测量）、性别、父母/监护人的教育水平和社会经济状况进行调整。颗粒物和臭氧是研究区空气质量国家年度标准最常超标的两种污染物。所有 233 名青少年参与者的年龄都在 13 至 17 岁之间。参与者中自我报告的呼吸道症状的患病率从“曾经”被医生诊断为支气管炎和肺炎的 2% 到曾经经历过过敏的 42% 不等；胸部喘息是第二大报告的症状（39%）。一半（52%）患有呼吸道疾病的青少年在住宅中接触过烟草烟雾。根据在 Secunda 或 eMbalenhle 居住的年数，自我报告的呼吸道疾病是否存在存在统计学上的显着差异 (p = 0.02)。在一个地区居住的年数每变化一个单位，报告呼吸道疾病的几率就会增加 1.08 倍（p = 0.025，95% CI = 1.01–1.16）。当模型针对混杂因素进行调整后，这种关联仍然具有统计学显着性（p = 0.037）。生活在空气污染地区的青少年遭受不利的健康影响未来的研究应该探讨生活在空气污染环境中的青少年的长期暴露和健康结果。在线版本包含可在 10.1186/s12889-022-14497-8 获取的补充材料。
Air pollution is a global, public health emergency. The effect of living in areas with very poor air quality on adolescents’ physical health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of adverse respiratory health outcomes among adolescents living in a known air pollution hotspot in South Africa. Ambient air quality data from 2005 to 2019 for the two areas, Secunda and eMbalenhle, in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in Mpumalanga province, South Africa were gathered and compared against national ambient air pollution standards and the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines. In 2019, adolescents attending schools in the areas completed a self-administered questionnaire investigating individual demographics, socio-economic status, health, medical history, and fuel type used in homes. Respiratory health illnesses assessed were doctor-diagnosed hay fever, allergies, frequent cough, wheezing, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma. The relationship between presence (at least one) or absence (none) of self-reported respiratory illness and risk factors, e.g., fuel use at home, was explored. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk factors associated with respiratory illness adjusted for body mass index (measured by field assistants), gender, education level of both parents / guardians and socio-economic status. Particulate matter and ozone were the two pollutants most frequently exceeding national annual air quality standards in the study area. All 233 adolescent participants were between 13 and 17 years of age. Prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms among the participants ranged from 2% for ‘ever’ doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and pneumonia to 42% ever experiencing allergies; wheezing chest was the second most reported symptom (39%). Half (52%) of the adolescents who had respiratory illness were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the dwelling. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence or absence of self-reported respiratory illness based on the number of years lived in Secunda or eMbalenhle (p = 0.02). For a one-unit change in the number of years lived in an area, the odds of reporting a respiratory illness increased by a factor of 1.08 (p = 0.025, 95% CI = 1.01–1.16). This association was still statistically significant when the model was adjusted for confounders (p = 0.037). Adolescents living in air polluted areas experience adverse health impacts Future research should interrogate long-term exposure and health outcomes among adolescents living in the air polluted environment. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14497-8.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bonjour S;Adair-Rohani H;Wolf J;Bruce NG;Mehta S;Prüss-Ustün A;Lahiff M;Rehfuess EA;Mishra V;Smith KR
通讯作者：
Smith KR
DOI：
10.1097/ee9.0000000000000174
发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lu W;Hackman DA;Schwartz J
通讯作者：
Schwartz J
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Fioletov, Vitali;Mclinden, Chris A.;Li, Can
通讯作者：
Li, Can
影响因子：
0.4
作者：
Naidoo, R N;Robins, T G;Jack, C
通讯作者：
Jack, C
DOI：
10.1080/1943815x.2012.662512
发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
John, Juanette;Das, Sonali
通讯作者：
Das, Sonali