A million africans a year dying from cancer by 2030: what can cancer research and control offer to the continent?
A million africans a year dying from cancer by 2030: what can cancer research and control offer to the continent?
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DOI：
10.1002/ijc.26333
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发表时间：
2012-01-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Wild, Christopher P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sylla, Bakary S.;Wild, Christopher P.
在非洲，2008年估计有681 000例新的癌症病例和51 000例死亡。到2030年的预测显示出惊人的增长，仅人口增长和老龄化就造成127万例病例和97万例死亡。这些数字没有假设由于进一步引入烟草和更西化的生活方式而可能增加的发病率。非洲许多地区在卫生保健系统方面的现状表明，改善癌症治疗不足以应对这一日益增加的负担。通过应用目前关于主要危险因素和癌症自然历史的知识，预防癌症可以取得很大成就。例如，长期接种乙型肝炎病毒和人类乳头瘤病毒疫苗将分别预防非洲两种最常见的癌症——肝癌和宫颈癌的发生。必须优先采取有力措施防止烟草的广泛使用。采用目前在非洲适用的办法及早发现和治疗宫颈癌和乳腺癌，以及在与艾滋病毒有关的恶性肿瘤方面管理人体免疫机能丧失病毒（艾滋病毒）感染，将立即产生价值。与此同时，需要进一步研究癌症的起因和实施有希望的预防战略的障碍。非洲各国政府需要通过国家癌症控制计划来展望未来并优先考虑癌症，投资于公共卫生基础设施，并确保在癌症预防和控制方面为人们提供充分的培训和支持。鉴于非洲内部的这一核心承诺，国际伙伴可以在合作中提供补充支持，使现在能够采取行动，减轻非洲大陆即将发生的癌症悲剧。
In Africa there were an estimated 681,000 new cancer cases and 512,000 deaths in 2008. Projections to 2030 show a startling rise, with corresponding figures of 1.27 million cases and 0.97 million deaths resulting from population growth and aging alone. The figures make no assumptions about incidence rates which may increase due to the further introduction of tobacco and a more westernized lifestyle. The current situation in many parts of Africa with respect to health care systems suggests that improved cancer treatment would be an insufficient response to this increasing burden. Much could be achieved through cancer prevention by applying current knowledge about major risk factors and the natural history of the disease. For example, vaccination against hepatitis B virus and human papilloma viruses would prevent the occurrence of two of the most common cancers in Africa, liver and cervix respectively, in the long-term. Strong measures to prevent the widespread introduction of tobacco must be a priority. Early detection and treatment of cervical and breast cancers using approaches applicable now in Africa would provide immediate value, as would the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in respect to HIV-associated malignancies. In parallel, further research is needed into the causes of cancer and the barriers to implementation of promising prevention strategies. Underpinning all is the need for African governments to look forward and prioritise cancer through national cancer control plans, to invest in public health infrastructure and to ensure the adequate training and support for people in cancer prevention and control. Given this core commitment from within Africa, international partners can provide complementary support in a cooperation that permits action now to mitigate the impending tragedy of cancer on the continent of Africa.
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