Whole-limb scaling of muscle mass and force-generating capacity in amniotes.
Whole-limb scaling of muscle mass and force-generating capacity in amniotes.
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作者：
Bishop PJ;Wright MA;Pierce SE
众所周知，骨骼肌质量、结构和发力能力与动物的体型成正比，无论是在个体发育过程中还是在物种之间。对陆生羊膜动物肢体肌肉尺度的研究通常集中在特定分支中的单个肌肉上，但在这里，这个问题通常是在跨羊膜动物的整个肢体水平上进行的。特别地，本研究探讨了现存哺乳动物、非鸟类蜥蜴（“爬行动物”）和两足动物（鸟类和人类）的前肢和后肢的肌肉质量、发力能力（通过生理横截面积测量）和内部结构（束长）的尺度。研究人员调查了60个物种，它们的体重几乎达到了5个数量级，包括先前发表的建筑数据，以及通过解剖负鼠Didelphis virginia和沙蜥Salvator merianae获得的新数据。系统发育广义最小二乘法用于确定异速缩放斜率（指数）和截距，评估先前报道的单个肌肉或功能群的模式是否保留在整个肢体的水平上，并测试哺乳动物、爬行动物和两足动物是否遵循不同的异速生长轨迹。一般来说，在单个肌肉中观察到的结垢模式也在整个肢体中观察到。与哺乳动物相比，爬行动物的肌肉质量和发力能力通常相对较低，尤其是在体型较大的情况下，两足动物在远端后肢表现出强烈到极端的正异速生长。值得注意的是，当在分析肌肉产生力量的能力时考虑到肌肉质量时，爬行动物、哺乳动物和两足动物几乎普遍遵循一个共同的比例模式，这意味着整个肢体产生力量的能力的差异主要是由肌肉质量的差异驱动的，而不是内部结构的差异。除了提供动物骨骼肌异速测量的新视角外，新数据集还用于生成泛羊膜统计关系，可用于预测已灭绝羊膜动物的肌肉质量或发力能力，有助于为化石记录中肌肉骨骼功能的未来重建提供信息。
Skeletal muscle mass, architecture and force-generating capacity are well known to scale with body size in animals, both throughout ontogeny and across species. Investigations of limb muscle scaling in terrestrial amniotes typically focus on individual muscles within select clades, but here this question was examined at the level of the whole limb across amniotes generally. In particular, the present study explored how muscle mass, force-generating capacity (measured by physiological cross-sectional area) and internal architecture (fascicle length) scales in the fore- and hindlimbs of extant mammals, non-avian saurians (‘reptiles’) and bipeds (birds and humans). Sixty species spanning almost five orders of magnitude in body mass were investigated, comprising previously published architectural data and new data obtained via dissections of the opossum Didelphis virginiana and the tegu lizard Salvator merianae. Phylogenetic generalized least squares was used to determine allometric scaling slopes (exponents) and intercepts, to assess whether patterns previously reported for individual muscles or functional groups were retained at the level of the whole limb, and to test whether mammals, reptiles and bipeds followed different allometric trajectories. In general, patterns of scaling observed in individual muscles were also observed in the whole limb. Reptiles generally have proportionately lower muscle mass and force-generating capacity compared to mammals, especially at larger body size, and bipeds exhibit strong to extreme positive allometry in the distal hindlimb. Remarkably, when muscle mass was accounted for in analyses of muscle force-generating capacity, reptiles, mammals and bipeds almost ubiquitously followed a single common scaling pattern, implying that differences in whole-limb force-generating capacity are principally driven by differences in muscle mass, not internal architecture. In addition to providing a novel perspective on skeletal muscle allometry in animals, the new dataset assembled was used to generate pan-amniote statistical relationships that can be used to predict muscle mass or force-generating capacity in extinct amniotes, helping to inform future reconstructions of musculoskeletal function in the fossil record.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Charles JP;Cappellari O;Spence AJ;Hutchinson JR;Wells DJ
通讯作者：
Wells DJ
影响因子：
2
作者：
Bennett, MB
通讯作者：
Bennett, MB
DOI：
10.1002/ar.23742
发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Bohmer, Christine;Fabre, Anne-Claire;Herrel, Anthony
通讯作者：
Herrel, Anthony
影响因子：
2
作者：
ALEXANDER, RM;JAYES, AS;WATHUTA, EM
通讯作者：
WATHUTA, EM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BODINE, SC;ROY, RR;EDGERTON, VR
通讯作者：
EDGERTON, VR