Ice flavours and non-menthol synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarette products: a review.

Ice flavours and non-menthol synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarette products: a review.
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电子烟产品中的冰口味和非胸膜合成冷却剂:评论。

DOI:
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057073
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发表时间:
2023-11
期刊:
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Jabba, Sairam, V
Jabba, Sairam, V
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leventhal, Adam M.;Tackett, Alayna P.;Whitted, Lauren;Jordt, Sven Eric;Jabba, Sairam, V

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具有清凉口味的电子烟在方式上变得多样化,使烟草控制变得更加复杂,其中出现了:(1)结合了清凉和果味/甜味特性的冰混合口味(例如“覆盆子冰”); (2) 含有非薄荷醇合成凉味剂的产品(例如 Wilkinson Sword [WS]、WS-3、WS-23 [术语“koolada”])。本文回顾了冰混合口味或非薄荷醇冷却剂电子烟产品的背景、化学、毒理学、营销、用户认知、使用流行率和政策影响。科学文献检索补充了行业和用户生成的信息,发现:(a) 烟草行业自 1974 年以来开发了含有合成冷却剂的产品,(b) 在大规模生产的电子烟(例如 PuffBar)中检测到 WS-3 和 WS-23; (c) 虽然有限口服摄入是安全的,但日常接触合成冷却剂造成的吸入毒理学和健康影响尚不清楚,值得监管机构进行科学调查和关注; (d) 冰混合口味的营销主题包含果味和/或凉爽感(例如冰雪覆盖的覆盆子); (e) WS-23/WS-3 浓缩物也作为自制添加剂出售,(f) 药理学研究以及用户和行业生成的信息提供了一个前提,可以假设含有冰味或非薄荷醇清凉剂的电子烟产品会产生令人愉悦的清凉感,掩盖尼古丁的刺激性,同时缺乏纯薄荷醇产品的某些令人厌恶的特征,(g) 青少年和年轻人使用含有冰混合或其他清凉剂的电子烟可能会受到影响。在便利样本中,这种现象与更频繁的电子烟和尼古丁依赖有关。使用这些产品的流行病学、毒理学、健康影响和促进戒烟的潜力方面存在证据差距。带有冰味或合成冷却剂的电子烟值得科学和监管机构关注。
E-cigarettes with cooling flavors have diversified in ways that complicate tobacco control with the emergence of: (1) ice-hybrid flavors (e.g., “Raspberry Ice”) that combine cooling and fruity/sweet properties; and (2) products containing non-menthol synthetic cooling agents (e.g., Wilkinson Sword [WS], WS-3, WS-23 [termed “koolada”]). This paper reviews the background, chemistry, toxicology, marketing, user perceptions, use prevalence, and policy implications of e-cigarette products with ice-hybrid flavors or non-menthol coolants. Scientific literature search supplemented with industry- and user-generated information found: (a) the tobacco industry has developed products containing synthetic coolants since 1974, (b) WS-3 and WS-23 are detected in mass-manufactured e-cigarettes (e.g. PuffBar); (c) while safe for limited oral ingestion, inhalational toxicology and health effects from daily synthetic coolant exposure are unknown and merit scientific inquiry and attention from regulatory agencies; (d) ice-hybrid flavors are marketed with themes incorporating fruitiness and/or coolness (e.g. snow-covered raspberries); (e) WS-23/WS-3 concentrates also are sold as do-it-yourself additives, (f) pharmacology research and user- and industry-generated information provide a premise to hypothesize that e-cigarette products with ice flavors or non-menthol cooling agents generate pleasant cooling sensations that mask nicotine’s harshness while lacking certain aversive features of menthol-only products, (g) adolescent and young adult use of e-cigarettes with ice-hybrid or other cooling flavors may be common and cross-sectionally associated with more frequent vaping and nicotine dependence in convenience samples. Evidence gaps in the epidemiology, toxicology, health effects, and smoking cessation-promoting potential of using these products exist. E-cigarettes with ice flavors or synthetic coolants merit scientific and regulatory attention.
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055485
发表时间: 2020-12-01
期刊: TOBACCO CONTROL
影响因子: 5.2
作者:
Delnevo, Cristine;Giovenco, Daniel P.;Hrywna, Mary
通讯作者: Hrywna, Mary
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055500
发表时间: 2020-04-27
期刊: Tobacco control
影响因子: 5.2
作者:
Erythropel HC;Anastas PT;Krishnan-Sarin S;O'Malley SS;Jordt SE;Zimmerman JB
通讯作者: Zimmerman JB
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117128
发表时间: 2015
期刊: PloS one
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Ha MA;Smith GJ;Cichocki JA;Fan L;Liu YS;Caceres AI;Jordt SE;Morris JB
通讯作者: Morris JB
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.044
发表时间: 2015-01-01
影响因子: 5.5
作者:
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通讯作者: King, Brian A.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv162
发表时间: 2016-07-01
影响因子: 4.7
作者:
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通讯作者: Holman, Matthew R.