Ice flavours and non-menthol synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarette products: a review.
Ice flavours and non-menthol synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarette products: a review.
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电子烟产品中的冰口味和非胸膜合成冷却剂:评论。
DOI:
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057073
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发表时间:
2023-11
期刊:
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Jabba, Sairam, V
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leventhal, Adam M.;Tackett, Alayna P.;Whitted, Lauren;Jordt, Sven Eric;Jabba, Sairam, V
E-cigarettes with cooling flavors have diversified in ways that complicate tobacco control with the emergence of: (1) ice-hybrid flavors (e.g., “Raspberry Ice”) that combine cooling and fruity/sweet properties; and (2) products containing non-menthol synthetic cooling agents (e.g., Wilkinson Sword [WS], WS-3, WS-23 [termed “koolada”]). This paper reviews the background, chemistry, toxicology, marketing, user perceptions, use prevalence, and policy implications of e-cigarette products with ice-hybrid flavors or non-menthol coolants. Scientific literature search supplemented with industry- and user-generated information found: (a) the tobacco industry has developed products containing synthetic coolants since 1974, (b) WS-3 and WS-23 are detected in mass-manufactured e-cigarettes (e.g. PuffBar); (c) while safe for limited oral ingestion, inhalational toxicology and health effects from daily synthetic coolant exposure are unknown and merit scientific inquiry and attention from regulatory agencies; (d) ice-hybrid flavors are marketed with themes incorporating fruitiness and/or coolness (e.g. snow-covered raspberries); (e) WS-23/WS-3 concentrates also are sold as do-it-yourself additives, (f) pharmacology research and user- and industry-generated information provide a premise to hypothesize that e-cigarette products with ice flavors or non-menthol cooling agents generate pleasant cooling sensations that mask nicotine’s harshness while lacking certain aversive features of menthol-only products, (g) adolescent and young adult use of e-cigarettes with ice-hybrid or other cooling flavors may be common and cross-sectionally associated with more frequent vaping and nicotine dependence in convenience samples. Evidence gaps in the epidemiology, toxicology, health effects, and smoking cessation-promoting potential of using these products exist. E-cigarettes with ice flavors or synthetic coolants merit scientific and regulatory attention.
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5.2
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通讯作者:
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