Alcohol demand and risk preference.
Alcohol demand and risk preference.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.joep.2008.03.006
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发表时间：
2008-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Saffer H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dave D;Saffer H
经济学家和心理学家都研究过风险偏好的概念。经济学家根据收入的边际效用将个人分为风险容忍度高低两类。心理学家将个体的风险倾向分为避免伤害、寻求新奇和奖励依赖特征。这两个风险概念是相关的，尽管用于经验测量的工具是完全不同的。心理学家发现，风险偏好是饮酒的一个重要决定因素；然而，经济学家并未将风险偏好纳入对酒精需求的研究。这是第一个在需求函数的背景下检验风险偏好对酒精消费影响的研究。这些规范采用了来自收入动态小组研究（PSID）和健康与退休研究（HRS）的多个波，这些波允许基于具有全国代表性的样本估计特定年龄的模型。这两个数据集都包括一个独特而一致的调查工具，旨在根据经济学家的定义直接衡量风险偏好。本研究估计了风险偏好对酒精需求的直接影响，并探讨了风险偏好如何影响需求的价格弹性。实证结果表明，风险偏好对酒精消费有显著的负向影响，风险耐受个体的患病率和消费量高出6-8%。此外，税收弹性在风险厌恶者和风险容忍者之间是相似的。这表明，税收政策在阻止饮酒倾向较高和较低的人饮酒方面同样有效。
Both economists and psychologists have studied the concept of risk preference. Economists categorize individuals as more or less risk-tolerant based on the marginal utility of income. Psychologists categorize individuals' propensity towards risk based on harm avoidance, novelty seeking and reward dependence traits. The two concepts of risk are related, although the instruments used for empirical measurement are quite different. Psychologists have found risk preference to be an important determinant of alcohol consumption; however economists have not included risk preference in studies of alcohol demand. This is the first study to examine the effect of risk preference on alcohol consumption in the context of a demand function. The specifications employ multiple waves from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which permit the estimation of age-specific models based on nationally representative samples. Both of these data sets include a unique and consistent survey instrument designed to directly measure risk preference in accordance with the economist's definition. This study estimates the direct impact of risk preference on alcohol demand and also explores how risk preference affects the price elasticity of demand. The empirical results indicate that risk preference has a significant negative effect on alcohol consumption, with the prevalence and consumption among risk-tolerant individuals being 6–8% higher. Furthermore, the tax elasticity is similar across both risk-averse and risk-tolerant individuals. This suggests that tax policies are as equally effective in deterring alcohol consumption among those who have a higher versus a lower propensity for alcohol use.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Irwin, M;Artin, KHH;Oxman, MN
通讯作者：
Oxman, MN
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
MENZA, MA;GOLBE, LI;FORMAN, NE
通讯作者：
FORMAN, NE
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fitzgerald, J;Gottschalk, P;Moffitt, R
通讯作者：
Moffitt, R
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Chaloupka, FJ;Wechsler, H
通讯作者：
Wechsler, H
DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1997.58.48
发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Howard, MO;Kivlahan, D;Walker, RD
通讯作者：
Walker, RD