Record-breaking fires in the Brazilian Amazon associated with uncontrolled deforestation
Record-breaking fires in the Brazilian Amazon associated with uncontrolled deforestation
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巴西亚马逊地区破纪录的火灾与不受控制的森林砍伐有关
DOI：
10.1038/s41559-022-01945-2
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Aragão, Luiz E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mataveli, Guilherme;de Oliveira, Gabriel;Silva-Junior, Celso H.;Stark, Scott C.;Carvalho, Nathália;Anderson, Liana O.;Gatti, Luciana V.;Aragão, Luiz E.
在2021年联合国气候变化大会（COP 26）上，巴西承诺实现应对气候变化的宏伟目标。其中包括到2030年将温室气体排放量与2005年相比减少50%，到2028年实现零非法砍伐。然而，最近巴西亚马逊地区发生的破纪录火灾凸显了一个与这些崇高承诺相去甚远的严峻现实。结合2022年8月和9月，亚马逊一半地区的两个月“火灾季节”在巴西亚马逊记录了74，398起活跃火灾-这是自2010年严重干旱事件以来的最高数字（参考文献3）。令人震惊的是，2022年8月24日的活跃火灾数量（3，358）超过了2019年引人注目的“火灾日”，并且在2022年9月的前八天，（> 20，000）超过了2019年和2021年本月的总数（参考文献3）.与森林砍伐有关的火灾是治理不力和政治立场4的后果，是这种极端燃烧的原因。2022年8月和9月的累计毁林通知（3，116平方公里）比2021年同期高出64%（参考文献5）。此外，在2022年8月和9月发现的活跃火灾中，有62%发生在最近被砍伐的地区5（图1）。与2021年同期相比，最近砍伐森林地区的活跃火灾增加了71%（参考文献5）。令人不安的是，2022年8月和9月的大部分火灾（其中35%）发生在脆弱的保护区，土著土地和其他公共区域，这些区域不需要在巴西环境农村登记处（Cadastro Ambiental Rural（CAR））5登记。CAR是一个自我声明的公共电子登记处，仅适用于私人土地，旨在加强执法;虽然CAR没有确立土地所有权，但土地掠夺者一直在使用这一工具来主张非法占用的公共土地的所有权。与2021年8月和9月相比，这些地区的活跃火灾增加了69%。近年来，巴西亚马逊地区变得非常容易受到陆地的影响
At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), Brazil committed to ambitious goals to fight climate change 1. These include reducing greenhouse gases emissions by 50% when compared with 2005 levels by 2030, and achieving zero illegal deforestation by 2028. However, recent record-breaking fires in the Brazilian Amazon highlight a stark reality that is far removed from these lofty promises. Combining August and September of 2022, a two-month ‘fire season’in half of the Amazon 2, 74,398 active fires were recorded in the Brazilian Amazon—the highest number since the severe drought event of 2010 (ref. 3). Alarmingly, the number of active fires on 24 August 2022 (3,358) surpassed the remarkable ‘Fire Day’of 2019, and during the first eight days of September 2022 the number of active fires detected (> 20,000) exceeded the total for this month in 2019 and 2021 (ref. 3).Deforestation-related fires, a consequence of weak governance and political stance 4, are behind this extreme burning. Accumulated deforestation notices in August and September of 2022 (3,116 km2) were 64% above the same two-month period in 2021 (ref. 5). Moreover, 62% of the active fires detected in August and September of 2022 occurred in recently deforested areas 5 (Fig. 1). Active fires in recently deforested areas have increased by 71% compared with the same months in 2021 (ref. 5). Troublingly, the largest portion of the August and September 2022 fires (35% of them) were in vulnerable protected areas, Indigenous lands and other public areas that are not required to register with Brazil’s Environmental Rural Registry (Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR)) 5 (Fig. 1). The CAR is a self-declaratory public electronic registry that is required only for private lands, and is aimed at enhancing law enforcement; although CAR does not establish land ownership, land grabbers have been using this instrument to claim ownership of illegally occupied public lands 6. Active fires in these areas have increased by 69% compared with August and September of 2021 5. In recent years, the Brazilian Amazon has become highly vulnerable to land
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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