Impact of cold temperature on Euro 6 passenger car emissions.
Impact of cold temperature on Euro 6 passenger car emissions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.096
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Astorga C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suarez-Bertoa R;Astorga C
碳氢化合物、CO、NOx、NH3、N2 O、CO2和颗粒物排放影响空气质量、全球变暖和人类健康。运输部门是这些污染物的重要来源，在寒冷季节经常出现高污染事件。然而，欧盟车辆在寒冷环境温度下的排放法规仅涉及碳氢化合物和CO车辆排放。因此，我们使用世界协调轻型测试循环（WLTC）在−7 °C和23 °C下研究了寒冷环境温度对欧6柴油和火花点火（包括：汽油、乙醇弹性燃料和混合动力车辆）车辆排放的影响。结果表明，当在23 °C下面对WLTC时，测试车辆的排放量低于欧6车辆（仍使用NEDC）型式认证设定的值，但柴油车的氮氧化物排放量除外，其比欧6标准高出2.3-6倍。然而，当车辆在寒冷的环境温度（−7 °C）下进行测试时，排放量会增加。高固体颗粒数（SPN）排放（>1 × 1011 # km−1）是从汽油直喷（GDI）车辆和汽油进气道燃料喷射车辆测量的。然而，目前只有柴油和GDI SPN排放受到监管。结果表明，需要一个新的，技术独立的，程序，使当局能够评估车辆在寒冷的环境温度下的污染物排放。来自火花点火和柴油车辆的有害污染物排放受到寒冷环境温度的强烈和负面影响。目前只有碳氢化合物、CO排放在低温下受到管制。因此，修订欧盟现行的冬季汽车排放法规具有重要意义。在23 ° C和-7 °C下研究了欧6汽油和柴油车辆的排放。使用WLTC进行测试。汽油和柴油车辆的排放量在−7 °C时会增加。在整个WLTC期间，在−7 °C下可能会发生高排放。在低环境温度下测量NOx和PN的高排放。
Hydrocarbons, CO, NOx, NH3, N2O, CO2 and particulate matter emissions affect air quality, global warming and human health. Transport sector is an important source of these pollutants and high pollution episodes are often experienced during the cold season. However, EU vehicle emissions regulation at cold ambient temperature only addresses hydrocarbons and CO vehicular emissions. For that reason, we have studied the impact that cold ambient temperatures have on Euro 6 diesel and spark ignition (including: gasoline, ethanol flex-fuel and hybrid vehicles) vehicle emissions using the World-harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) at −7 °C and 23 °C. Results indicate that when facing the WLTC at 23 °C the tested vehicles present emissions below the values set for type approval of Euro 6 vehicles (still using NEDC), with the exception of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles that were 2.3–6 times higher than Euro 6 standards. However, emissions disproportionally increased when vehicles were tested at cold ambient temperature (−7 °C). High solid particle number (SPN) emissions (>1 × 1011 # km−1) were measured from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles and gasoline port fuel injection vehicles. However, only diesel and GDI SPN emissions are currently regulated. Results show the need for a new, technology independent, procedure that enables the authorities to assess pollutant emissions from vehicles at cold ambient temperatures. Harmful pollutant emissions from spark ignition and diesel vehicles are strongly and negatively affected by cold ambient temperatures. Only hydrocarbon, CO emissions are currently regulated at cold temperature. Therefore, it is of great importance to revise current EU winter vehicle emissions regulation. Emissions from Euro 6 gasoline and diesel vehicles were studied at 23 and -7 °C. Tests were performed using the WLTC. Emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles disproportionally increased at −7 °C. High emissions can take place during the entire WLTC at −7 °C. High emissions of NOx and PN were measured at low ambient temperatures.
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