Have regulatory efforts to reduce organophosphorus insecticide exposures been effective?
Have regulatory efforts to reduce organophosphorus insecticide exposures been effective?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1104323
复制
发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Barr DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clune AL;Ryan PB;Barr DB
背景：《食品质量保护法》于1996年签署成为法律，以加强对食品中农药耐受性的监管。有机磷（OP）杀虫剂是美国环境保护署（EPA）根据新法律审查的第一组杀虫剂。目的：我们的目标是确定尿中二烷基磷酸盐（DAP）代谢产物的OP农药浓度下降之间的国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）III和NHANES 1999-2004。研究方法：使用基于质谱的方法，我们分析了来自NHANES 1999-2004年的2，874名20-59岁成年人的全国代表性样本的尿液样本，以及来自NHANES III（1988-1994）的197名成年参与者的非全国代表性样本的样本，以获得OP农药的六种常见DAP代谢物。结果：NHANES III和NHANES 2003-2004之间的中位尿DAP浓度下降了一半以上。还观察到6种代谢物中5种的第95百分位浓度降低约50%-90%。所有6种代谢物的检测频率（FOD）均降低（降低< 50%）。平均而言，中位数和第95百分位数浓度和FOD显示磷酸二乙酯代谢物的降幅大于磷酸二甲酯代谢物。结论：自实施《杀虫剂保护法》以来，通过尿中DAP浓度评估，人类暴露于OP杀虫剂的情况有所下降，尽管我们不能确定美国环保局针对《杀虫剂保护法》采取的行动是否直接导致了DAP浓度的下降。
Background: The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) was signed into law in 1996 to strengthen the regulation of pesticide tolerances in food. Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were the first group of pesticides reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the new law. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether urinary concentrations of dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides declined between the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999–2004. Methods: Using mass spectrometry–based methods, we analyzed urine samples from a nationally representative sample of 2,874 adults 20–59 years of age in NHANES 1999–2004 and samples from a non-nationally representative sample of 197 adult participants for NHANES III (1988–1994) for six common DAP metabolites of OP pesticides. Results: Median urinary DAP concentrations decreased by more than half between NHANES III and NHANES 2003–2004. Reductions of about 50%–90% were also observed for 95th percentile concentrations of five of the six metabolites. Frequencies of detection (FODs) decreased in all six metabolites (< 50% reduction). On average, median and 95th percentile concentrations and FODs showed a larger decrease in diethylphosphate metabolites than dimethylphosphate metabolites. Conclusions: Human exposure to OP insecticides as assessed by urinary DAP concentrations has decreased since the implementation of the FQPA, although we cannot be certain that U.S. EPA actions in response to the FQPA directly caused the decrease in DAP concentrations.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Heudorf, U;Angerer, J
通讯作者：
Angerer, J
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Chen H;Quandt SA;Grzywacz JG;Arcury TA
通讯作者：
Arcury TA
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Eskenazi B;Harley K;Bradman A;Weltzien E;Jewell NP;Barr DB;Furlong CE;Holland NT
通讯作者：
Holland NT
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Bravo, R;Driskell, WJ;Barr, DB
通讯作者：
Barr, DB
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arcury, Thomas A.;Grzywacz, Joseph G.;Quandt, Sara A.
通讯作者：
Quandt, Sara A.