The individual and combined effects of snowmelt timing and frost exposure on the reproductive success of montane forbs
The individual and combined effects of snowmelt timing and frost exposure on the reproductive success of montane forbs
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融雪时间和霜冻暴露对山地杂草繁殖成功率的单独和综合影响
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.13152
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Satake, ed., Akiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pardee, Gabriella L.;Jensen, Isaac O.;Inouye, David W.;Irwin, Rebecca E.;Satake, ed., Akiko
历史气候模式的变化影响了世界范围内许多生物的物候。物候变化可以使生物体在生长过程中进入新的非生物环境，并改变物种间的相互作用，这两者都可以推动生殖的变化。我们通过一项实验，研究了气候变化如何改变植物的繁殖，在该实验中，我们操纵融雪时间和霜冻暴露的单独和联合效应，并测量了随后对四种亚高山野花的开花物候、峰值花密度、霜冻损害、传粉者访问和繁殖的影响。此外，我们还进行了花粉补充实验，以测试在我们的融雪和霜冻处理下的植物是否花粉限制了繁殖。这四种植物包括在早春至仲夏开花的物种。这4种植物的物候都明显提前，在除雪的样地开花时间更长，但除雪和霜冻暴露在霜冻损害、开花、传粉者访问和繁殖方面都有物种特异性的响应。在早期融雪和霜冻处理中，两种早花树种均表现出明显的霜冻损害迹象，这对其中一种的繁殖产生了负面影响。此外，在除雪样地，最早开花的物种在开花期间传粉者较少。除雪处理中，早开花品种的果实和结实率较低，这可能是由于植物生长在不利的非生物条件下所致。然而，即使在除雪的土地上，晚开花的物种也逃脱了霜冻的伤害，并且经历了更多的传粉者的访问和繁殖。这项研究为了解植物群落如何因非生物条件的变化而改变以及其中的一些机制提供了见解。虽然在气候变化的影响下，早开花的物种可能处于不利地位，但晚开花的物种可能会从早融雪中受益，这表明气候变化有可能重塑开花群落。
Changes from historic weather patterns have affected the phenology of many organisms world‐wide. Altered phenology can introduce organisms to novel abiotic conditions during growth and modify species interactions, both of which could drive changes in reproduction.We explored how climate change can alter plant reproduction using an experiment in which we manipulated the individual and combined effects of snowmelt timing and frost exposure, and measured subsequent effects on flowering phenology, peak flower density, frost damage, pollinator visitation and reproduction of four subalpine wildflowers. Additionally, we conducted a pollen‐supplementation experiment to test whether the plants in our snowmelt and frost treatments were pollen limited for reproduction. The four plants included species flowering in early spring to mid‐summer.The phenology of all four species was significantly advanced, and the bloom duration was longer in the plots from which we removed snow, but with species‐specific responses to snow removal and frost exposure in terms of frost damage, flower production, pollinator visitation and reproduction. The two early blooming species showed significant signs of frost damage in both early snowmelt and frost treatments, which negatively impacted reproduction for one of the species. Further, we recorded fewer pollinators during flowering for the earliest‐blooming species in the snow removal plots. We also found lower fruit and seed set for the early blooming species in the snow removal treatment, which could be attributed to the plants growing under unfavourable abiotic conditions. However, the later‐blooming species escaped frost damage even in the plots where snow was removed, and experienced increased pollinator visitation and reproduction.Synthesis.This study provides insight into how plant communities could become altered due to changes in abiotic conditions, and some of the mechanisms involved. While early blooming species may be at a disadvantage under climate change, species that bloom later in the season may benefit from early snowmelt, suggesting that climate change has the potential to reshape flowering communities.
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.01523
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
Oikos (Copenhagen, Denmark)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rafferty NE;CaraDonna PJ;Bronstein JL
通讯作者：
Bronstein JL
气候驱动山地野花草甸群落的物候重组。
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Elli J. Theobald;Ian K. Breckheimer;J. HilleRisLambers
通讯作者：
J. HilleRisLambers
瑞典北部三个桦木类群的繁殖变异性和花粉限制
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Holm
通讯作者：
S. Holm
人类访问和接触对老田群落中植物生长和食草的单独影响。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
American-Eurasian journal of botany
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Cahill;J. Castelli;B. Casper
通讯作者：
B. Casper
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0606291103
发表时间：
2006-09-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Hansen, James;Sato, Makiko;Medina-Elizade, Martin
通讯作者：
Medina-Elizade, Martin