Expression and functional analysis of glutamate receptors in glial cells.
Expression and functional analysis of glutamate receptors in glial cells.
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胶质细胞谷氨酸受体的表达和功能分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
X. Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Condorelli;F. Conti;V. Gallo;F. Kirchhoff;G. Seifert;C. Steinhäuser;A. Verkhratsky;X. Yuan
大脑由一个复杂的网络组成，其中神经元和神经胶质细胞在结构和功能上交织在一起。星形胶质细胞是胶质细胞家族中数量最多的成员，最初认为其与整个胶质细胞群沿着仅具有结构重要性（Virchow，1846）。例如，在发育过程中，星形胶质细胞的前体放射状神经胶质细胞作为神经元迁移的支架，以形成不同脑区域（如皮质、海马或小脑）的分层结构。在过去的二十年里，关于星形胶质细胞的生理功能积累了相当多的知识。一个令人兴奋的功能是它们对细胞外空间的调节的贡献，从而也对脑兴奋性的调节做出贡献（Walz，1989）。质量，如他们的能力，吸收和代谢的递质，缓冲能力的离子和能力，通过表面受体传递外部信号的细胞内的生物反应表明神经胶质细胞和神经元之间的密切串扰。大脑中的另一个主要神经胶质细胞群是少突胶质细胞。由于细胞较小，突起较少，它们形成髓鞘，这是一种高度富含脂质的细胞膜堆叠，包裹着50至300 μ m长的轴突节段，以增强电信号的传导并抑制单个轴突之间的电串扰。少突胶质细胞能够同时髓鞘化多达50个轴突节段。成熟的少突胶质细胞从起源于作为萌发层的室管膜下区的祖细胞发育而来（米勒，1996）。在脊椎动物中，在出生后的第一周，祖细胞开始迁移到它们的最终目的地区域，即假定的白色物质。
The brain consists of a complex network in which neurones and glial cells are structurally and functionally interwoven. Astrocytes, the most numerous member of the glial family, were originally considered, along with the whole glial population, to be only of structural importance (Virchow, 1846). For example, during development the radial glia, the precursors of astrocytes, serve as a scaffold at which neurones migrate to form the layered structure of different brain regions such as the cortex, the hippocampus or the cerebellum. During the last two decades, considerable knowledge about astrocytes has accumulated regarding their physiological function. One exciting function is their contribution to the regulation of the extracellular space and, thereby, also of brain excitability (Walz, 1989). Qualities such as their capacity for uptake and metabolism of transmitters, buffering capacity of ions and ability to convey external signals via surface receptors to biological responses within the cells indicate an intimate crosstalk between glial cells and neurones. The other major glial population in the brain are the oligodendrocytes. As small cells with few processes they form the myelin sheath, a highly lipid enriched stack of cell membranes enwrapping 50 to 300αm long axonal segments to enhance the conduction of electrical signals and to inhibit electrical crosstalk between individual axons. Oligodendrocytes are capable of myelinating up to 50 axonal segments simultaneously. Mature oligodendrocytes develop from progenitors originating from the subventricular zone as the germinative layer (Miller, 1996). In vertebrates, progenitors start to migrate to their final destination regions, the presumptive white matter, during the first postnatal week.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Rosenmund, C;Stern-Bach, Y;Stevens, CF
通讯作者：
Stevens, CF
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.87.9.3454
发表时间：
1990-05-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GLAUM, SR;HOLZWARTH, JA;MILLER, RJ
通讯作者：
MILLER, RJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.7.2741
发表时间：
1996-04-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
FerrerMontiel, AV;Montal, M
通讯作者：
Montal, M
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
CORNELLBELL, AH;FINKBEINER, SM;SMITH, SJ
通讯作者：
SMITH, SJ
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Saugstad, JA;Kinzie, JM;Westbrook, GL
通讯作者：
Westbrook, GL