Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms.
Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.1002/bies.201400071
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Aktipis, C. Athena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alcock, Joe;Maley, Carlo C.;Aktipis, C. Athena
胃肠道中的微生物受到选择性压力，需要操纵宿主的进食行为来增加它们的健康，有时是以牺牲宿主的健康为代价。微生物可能通过两种潜在的策略做到这一点：(I)产生对自己擅长的食物或抑制竞争对手的食物的渴望，或(Ii)诱导烦躁不安，直到我们吃到增强它们健康的食物。我们综述了微生物控制进食行为的几种潜在机制，包括微生物对奖励和饱腹感途径的影响，改变情绪的毒素的产生，包括味觉受体在内的受体的变化，以及迷走神经的劫持，迷走神经是肠道和大脑之间的神经轴。我们还回顾了关于渴望和不健康饮食行为的其他解释的证据。因为微生物区系很容易被益生菌、益生菌、抗生素、粪便移植和饮食变化所操纵，所以改变我们的微生物区系为解决肥胖和不健康饮食等本来难以解决的问题提供了一种容易处理的方法。
Microbes in the gastrointestinal tract are under selective pressure to manipulate host eating behavior to increase their fitness, sometimes at the expense of host fitness. Microbes may do this through two potential strategies: (i) generating cravings for foods that they specialize on or foods that suppress their competitors, or (ii) inducing dysphoria until we eat foods that enhance their fitness. We review several potential mechanisms for microbial control over eating behavior including microbial influence on reward and satiety pathways, production of toxins that alter mood, changes to receptors including taste receptors, and hijacking of the vagus nerve, the neural axis between the gut and the brain. We also review the evidence for alternative explanations for cravings and unhealthy eating behavior. Because microbiota are easily manipulatable by prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplants, and dietary changes, altering our microbiota offers a tractable approach to otherwise intractable problems of obesity and unhealthy eating.
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