Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions of Viruses: Roles in Viral Life Cycle and Control of Virus-Host Interactions.

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions of Viruses: Roles in Viral Life Cycle and Control of Virus-Host Interactions.
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通过病毒的内含子无序蛋白区域的液-液相分离:在病毒生命周期和控制病毒-宿主相互作用中的作用。

DOI:
10.3390/ijms21239045
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发表时间:
2020-11-28
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Uversky V
Uversky V
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brocca S;Grandori R;Longhi S;Uversky V

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固有无序蛋白(IDPs)在生理条件下不能采用独特的三维结构,因此以高度动态的构象集合形式存在。IDPs在蛋白质领域无处不在并广泛传播。在过去的十年里,收集到了令人信服的实验证据,指出了国内流离失所者和固有无序区域(IDR)经历液-液相分离(LLP)的能力,这一现象推动了无膜细胞器(MLO)的形成。这些生物凝聚体在细胞的时空组织中起着关键的作用,在那里它们发挥着许多关键的生物学功能,从转录调节和沉默到信号转导网络的控制。在介绍了国内流离失所者和有限合伙人之后,我们在这里调查了来自病毒来源的国内流离失所者和有限合伙人的现有数据,并讨论了它们的功能含义。我们将与病毒复制和运输相关的LLP与LLPs介导的病毒对宿主细胞功能的干扰区分开来。我们讨论了植物病毒蛋白干扰宿主MLO调节能力的新证据,并提出噬菌体也可以干扰细菌LLP。最后,我们讨论了LLP如何被靶向治疗相分离相关的疾病,包括病毒感染。
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are unable to adopt a unique 3D structure under physiological conditions and thus exist as highly dynamic conformational ensembles. IDPs are ubiquitous and widely spread in the protein realm. In the last decade, compelling experimental evidence has been gathered, pointing to the ability of IDPs and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), a phenomenon driving the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs). These biological condensates play a critical role in the spatio-temporal organization of the cell, where they exert a multitude of key biological functions, ranging from transcriptional regulation and silencing to control of signal transduction networks. After introducing IDPs and LLPS, we herein survey available data on LLPS by IDPs/IDRs of viral origin and discuss their functional implications. We distinguish LLPS associated with viral replication and trafficking of viral components, from the LLPS-mediated interference of viruses with host cell functions. We discuss emerging evidence on the ability of plant virus proteins to interfere with the regulation of MLOs of the host and propose that bacteriophages can interfere with bacterial LLPS, as well. We conclude by discussing how LLPS could be targeted to treat phase separation-associated diseases, including viral infections.
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