Cigarette tax rates, behavioral disengagement, and quit ratios among daily smokers.
Cigarette tax rates, behavioral disengagement, and quit ratios among daily smokers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.joep.2018.03.005
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
O'Connell ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrer R;Orehek E;Scheier MF;O'Connell ME
烟草税是一项基于经济学的政策，与人口戒烟率的增加有关。然而，税收增加对吸烟行为的估计影响差异很大，强调需要确定调节变量。我们研究了行为脱离--在经历压力时放弃目标的倾向--是否改变了香烟税和日常吸烟行为之间的联系。我们将州一级的卷烟税率数据与个人行为数据联系起来，包括725名美国成年人的全国样本，他们在基线时每天吸烟，并在大约10年后报告了随访数据，376人在10年后第三次重新采样。分析涉及多水平logistic回归（以时间为嵌套变量，以匿名状态代码为分组变量），其中当前吸烟状态（二分）对行为脱离、基线和当前时间的州一级卷烟税以及脱离和当前税收之间的相互作用进行回归。与假设一致，税率与脱离交互作用（OR=0.95，95%CI = 0.90，0.99，p= 0.0255）：在脱离平均值以上的一个SD中，税率与戒烟率无关（OR=0.99，95%CI = 0.85，1.16，p= 0.6975）。然而，在低于平均值的一个SD中，税率与较高的戒烟率显著相关（OR=1.22，95%CI = 1.04，1.43，p= 0.0163）。我们的数据表明，香烟税可能更有效地促进低行为脱离的吸烟者戒烟，或者伴随着减少压力或保持目标追求的干预措施。确定政策有效性的心理调节因素有望改善政策设计和目标确定。
Cigarette taxation is an economics-based policy associated with increased population-level quit ratios. However, the estimated effects of tax increase on smoking behavior vary substantially, underscoring the need to identify moderating variables. We examined whether behavioral disengagement – the tendency to abandon goals when experiencing stress – modified the association between cigarette taxes and daily smoking behavior. We connected state-level cigarette tax rate data with individual-level behavioral data, including a national sample of 725 US adults who smoked daily at baseline and reported follow-up data approximately 10 years later, and 376 who were resampled a third time after another 10 years. Analyses involved multilevel logistic regression (with time as a nested variable and anonymized state codes as a grouping variable), where current smoking status (dichotomous) was regressed on behavioral disengagement, state-level cigarette tax at baseline and current time, and the interaction between disengagement and current tax. Consistent with hypotheses, tax rate interacted with disengagement (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.90,0.99, p=.0255): Among those one SD above the mean for disengagement, tax rate was unassociated with quit ratio (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.85,1.16, p=.6975). However, among those one SD below the mean, tax rate was significantly associated with higher quit ratio (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.04,1.43, p=.0163). Our data suggest the possibility that cigarette taxes may be more effective in facilitating cessation among smokers low in behavioral disengagement or when accompanied by interventions that reduce stress or maintain goal pursuit. Identifying psychological moderators of policy effectiveness holds promise for improving policy design and targeting.
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3.5
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