Exploring inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by race/ethnicity and urbanicity in the United States: 1990 to 2019.
Exploring inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by race/ethnicity and urbanicity in the United States: 1990 to 2019.
复制标题
在美国，探索种族/种族和城市化的预期寿命和寿命差异：1990年至2019年。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101230
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Bilal, Usama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Ramos, Isabel P.;Auchincloss, Amy H.;Bilal, Usama
调查预期寿命和寿命变化的趋势可以突出人口亚组之间不成比例的死亡率负担。我们研究了 1990 年至 2019 年美国按种族/民族和城市化程度划分的预期寿命和寿命差异的不平等。利用国家卫生统计中心提供的 3,141 个县 3.22 亿人的人口动态登记数据，我们获得了 6 个 5 年期间内 16 个种族/民族-性别-城市化组合的出生时预期寿命和寿命变化（1990-1994 年至 2015-2019 年）。种族/族裔被分类为西班牙裔、非西班牙裔白人、黑人和亚裔/太平洋岛民。城市性被分为大都市和非大都市地区，或者分为六个更详细的分类。使用寿命表计算预期寿命和寿命变异（变异系数）。 2015-2019年，大都市地区居民的预期寿命高于非大都市居民（79.6岁和77.0岁）。预期寿命不平等最严重的是亚裔/太平洋岛民女性和黑人男性，大都市地区居民的预期寿命差距为 17.7 岁，非大都市地区居民的预期寿命差距为 16.9 岁。非大都市地区的平均死亡年龄分布较大。在大都市和非大都市地区，黑人的寿命差异最大。直到 2010 年代中期，预期寿命增加，而寿命变异减少；然而，最近的趋势显示预期寿命停滞不前并且寿命差异增加。随着时间的推移，大城市与非大城市在预期寿命和寿命差异方面的不平等不断扩大。尽管以前的寿命有所改善，但现在预期寿命却停滞不前，而寿命差异却在增加。我们的研究结果强调，早期死亡（即青年和中年死亡率）对黑人的影响尤为严重，他们不仅寿命最短，而且死亡年龄的变异性也最大。我们研究了美国不同种族/民族、性别和城市化的预期寿命和相对寿命变化的趋势。我们发现过去十年中预期寿命停滞不前，寿命差异不断增加。城乡预期寿命呈现分化趋势。黑人承受着双重的死亡负担：寿命更短且变化更大。
Investigating trends in life expectancy and lifespan variation can highlight disproportionate mortality burdens among population subgroups. We examined inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by race/ethnicity and by urbanicity in the US from 1990 to 2019. Using vital registration data for 322.0 million people in 3,141 counties from the National Center for Health Statistics, we obtained life expectancy at birth and lifespan variation for 16 race/ethnicity-gender-urbanicity combinations in six 5-year periods (1990–1994 to 2015–2019). Race/ethnicity was categorized as Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Urbanicity was categorized as metropolitan vs nonmetropolitan areas, or in six further detailed categorizations. Life expectancy and lifespan variation (coefficient of variation) were computed using life tables. In 2015–2019, residents in metropolitan areas had higher life expectancies than their nonmetropolitan counterparts (79.6 years compared to 77.0 years). The widest inequality in life expectancy occurred between Asian/Pacific Islander women and Black men, with a 17.7-year gap for residents in metropolitan areas and a 16.9-year gap for residents in nonmetropolitan areas. Nonmetropolitan areas had greater dispersion around average age at death. Black individuals had the highest lifespan variations in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Until the mid-2010s, life expectancy increased while lifespan variation decreased; however, recent trends show stagnation in life expectancy and increases in lifespan variation. Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan inequalities in both life expectancy and lifespan variation widened over time. Despite previous improvements in longevity, life expectancy is now stagnating while lifespan variation is increasing. Our results highlight that early-life deaths (i.e., young- and middle-age mortality) disproportionately affect Black individuals, who not only live the shortest lifespans but also have the most variability with respect to age at death. We examined trends in life expectancy and relative lifespan variation by race/ethnicity, gender, and urbanicity in the US. We found stagnating life expectancy and increasing lifespan variation over the last decade. There has been a diverging trend of life expectancy between urban and rural areas. Black individuals had a double burden of mortality: shorter and more variable lifespans.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Graetz, Nick;Elo, Irma T.
通讯作者：
Elo, Irma T.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Liebler, Carolyn A.;Halpern-Manners, Andrew
通讯作者：
Halpern-Manners, Andrew
影响因子：
17.3
作者：
Hiam L;Minton J;McKee M
通讯作者：
McKee M
DOI：
10.1007/s11524-021-00577-4
发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Diderichsen, Finn;Hallqvist, Johan;Whitehead, Margaret
通讯作者：
Whitehead, Margaret