Urban Scaling of Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review.
Urban Scaling of Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11524-021-00577-4
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发表时间:
2022-06
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影响因子:
--
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Urban scaling is a framework that describes how city-level characteristics scale with variations in city size. This scoping review mapped the existing evidence on the urban scaling of health outcomes to identify gaps and inform future research. Using a structured search strategy, we identified and reviewed a total of 102 studies, a majority set in high-income countries using diverse city definitions. We found several historical studies that examined the dynamic relationships between city size and mortality occurring during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In more recent years, we documented heterogeneity in the relation between city size and health. Measles and influenza are influenced by city size in conjunction with other factors like geographic proximity, while STIs, HIV, and dengue tend to occur more frequently in larger cities. NCDs showed a heterogeneous pattern that depends on the specific outcome and context. Homicides and other crimes are more common in larger cities, suicides are more common in smaller cities, and traffic-related injuries show a less clear pattern that differs by context and type of injury. Future research should aim to understand the consequences of urban growth on health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, capitalize on longitudinal designs, systematically adjust for covariates, and examine the implications of using different city definitions.
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影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Bettencourt LM;Lobo J;Strumsky D;West GB
通讯作者:
West GB
DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2006.0030
发表时间:
2007-05-07
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
作者:
Conlan AJ;Grenfell BT
通讯作者:
Grenfell BT
影响因子:
56.9
作者:
Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
通讯作者:
Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
影响因子:
6.1
作者:
de Roos, AM;Leonardsson, K;Mittelbach, GG
通讯作者:
Mittelbach, GG
影响因子:
9.8
作者:
Boon, ME;Claasen, HHV;Kok, LP
通讯作者:
Kok, LP