What can lifespan variation reveal that life expectancy hides? Comparison of five high-income countries.

What can lifespan variation reveal that life expectancy hides? Comparison of five high-income countries.
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DOI:
10.1177/01410768211011742
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发表时间:
2021-08
影响因子:
17.3
通讯作者:
McKee M
McKee M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hiam L;Minton J;McKee M

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在大多数国家,出生时预期寿命(e0)已经改善了几十年。然而,最近,英国和加拿大的进展停滞不前,美国则出现逆转。寿命变化,死亡率的补充措施,在美国逆转前几年增加。为了评估这一指标是否提供了额外的有意义的见解,我们研究了其他四个预期寿命趋势不同的高收入国家的情况。我们计算了五个国家-美国,英国,法国,日本和加拿大-的寿命差距(寿命变化的具体指标),使用1975年至2017年人类死亡率数据库中0- 100岁的性别和年龄特定死亡率。然后,我们研究了年龄别死亡率的趋势,以确定导致这些变化的年龄组。美国、英国、法国、日本和加拿大汇总了上述国家的人口数据。出生时预期寿命、寿命差距和年龄别死亡率。在英国、美国和加拿大,男性和女性的预期寿命都出现了停滞和福尔斯下降,与此同时,寿命差距也在扩大。这些变化可能是由于中年(如40岁)死亡率的恶化。相比之下,法国和日本仍在延续之前的轨迹。寿命差距是衡量人口健康状况的另一个综合指标,它提供的信息超出了出生时的预期寿命本身。
In most countries, life expectancy at birth (e0) has improved for many decades. Recently, however, progress has stalled in the UK and Canada, and reversed in the USA. Lifespan variation, a complementary measure of mortality, increased a few years before the reversal in the USA. To assess whether this measure offers additional meaningful insights, we examine what happened in four other high-income countries with differing life expectancy trends. We calculated life disparity (a specific measure of lifespan variation) in five countries -- USA, UK, France, Japan and Canada -- using sex- and age specific mortality rates from the Human Mortality Database from 1975 to 2017 for ages 0--100 years. We then examined trends in age-specific mortality to identify the age groups contributing to these changes. USA, UK, France, Japan and Canada aggregate population data of the above nations. Life expectancy at birth, life disparity and age-specific mortality. The stalls and falls in life expectancy, for both males and females, seen in the UK, USA and Canada coincided with rising life disparity. These changes may be driven by worsening mortality in middle-age (such as at age 40). France and Japan, in contrast, continue on previous trajectories. Life disparity is an additional summary measure of population health providing information beyond that signalled by life expectancy at birth alone.
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