The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD?
The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.006
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发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Healey DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halperin JM;Healey DM
注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的特征在于发育不适当的注意力不集中、冲动和多动行为的普遍模式，这些行为通常开始于学龄前并且通常持续到成年。ADHD最有效和最广泛使用的治疗方法是药物和行为矫正。这些药物支持的干预措施通常能成功地减少ADHD症状，但治疗效果很少能维持在积极干预之外。由于ADHD现在通常被认为是一种慢性疾病，通常存在于青春期和成年早期，因此由于许多后勤原因，需要在整个生命周期中持续治疗既昂贵又有问题。因此，如果治疗在干预终止后仍然具有持久的效果，那将是非常有益的。本文回顾了近年来关于ADHD潜在神经决定因素的文献，沿着研究表明环境因素对大脑发育和功能有着强大的影响。基于这些在很大程度上不同的科学文献，我们提出了一种采用定向游戏和体育锻炼来促进大脑发育的方法，这反过来可能会导致开发出更持久的治疗方法。
Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a pervasive pattern of developmentally inappropriate inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive behaviors that typically begin during the preschool years and often persist into adulthood. The most effective and widely used treatments for ADHD are medication and behavior modification. These empirically-supported interventions are generally successful in reducing ADHD symptoms, but treatment effects are rarely maintained beyond the active intervention. Because ADHD is now generally thought of as a chronic disorder that is often present well into adolescence and early adulthood, the need for continued treatment throughout the lifetime is both costly and problematic for a number of logistical reasons. Therefore, it would be highly beneficial if treatments would have lasting effects that remain after the intervention is terminated. This review examines the burgeoning literature on the underlying neural determinants of ADHD along research demonstrating powerful influences of environmental factors on brain development and functioning. Based upon these largely distinct scientific literatures, we propose an approach that employs directed play and physical exercise to promote brain growth which, in turn, could lead to the development of potentially more enduring treatments for the disorder.
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影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Baumgardner, TL;Singer, HS;Reiss, AL
通讯作者：
Reiss, AL
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1097/00004583-199703000-00016
发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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