Personality influences responses to inequity and contrast in chimpanzees.
Personality influences responses to inequity and contrast in chimpanzees.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.12.019
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schapiro, Steven J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brosnan, Sarah F.;Hopper, Lydia M.;Richey, Sean;Freeman, Hani D.;Talbot, Catherine F.;Gosling, Samuel D.;Lambeth, Susan P.;Schapiro, Steven J.
除了人类之外，还有几个物种对不平等做出负面反应（即与社会伙伴相比，接受不太喜欢的结果）。在灵长类动物中，对不公平反应进行了最全面的研究，到目前为止，性别，等级和年龄等人口统计学特征还没有很好地解释反应的巨大个体差异。最近的证据表明，个人的个性在解释其他情况下行为结果的差异方面很重要。因此，在目前的研究中，我们探讨了性格是否与黑猩猩对不平等和对比的反应（即接受比预期少）有关。黑猩猩与其社会群体的多个成员配对。这些对交替交易代币以获得食物奖励，这些食物奖励与他们的伴侣获得的奖励不同（不平等条件）或与最初提供的奖励不同（对比条件），我们将他们的反应与对照组进行了比较，在对照组中，两名受试者都获得了相同的代币交易奖励。我们预测，个性以及两人关系的质量和长度都会影响受试者对不平等结果的反应，这一点可以通过他们拒绝交换代币来衡量。根据梳理、接触和接近的加权平均值，受试者的关系质量与拒绝交换没有相关性，而在对比条件下，在一起生活时间较长的情侣比在一起生活时间较短的情侣更不可能拒绝交换。考虑到个性，一些尺寸的影响反应不公平和对比相似，但更多的“社会”的个性尺寸（“外向性”和“agreeableness”）更强烈地与敏感性不公平。这些结果强调了在评估认知和行为测试中的反应时，考虑个体差异（包括个性）的重要性。
Several species besides humans respond negatively to inequity (i.e. receiving a less preferred outcome as compared to a social partner). Among primates, the taxon for which inequity responses have been most comprehensively studied, there are large individual differences in responses that have, thus far, not been well explained by demographic features such as sex, rank and age. Recent evidence shows that individuals’ personalities are important in explaining differences in behavioural outcomes in other contexts. Thus, in the current study, we explored whether personality was associated with chimpanzees’ responses to both inequity and contrast (i.e. receiving less than anticipated). Chimpanzees were paired with multiple members of their social groups. These pairs alternated trading a token to receive food rewards that either differed from what their partner received (inequity condition) or from what was initially offered (contrast condition) and we compared their responses to a control in which both subjects were offered and received the same reward for trading the token. We predicted that both personality and the quality and length of the pairs’ relationship would influence subjects’ reactions to unequal outcomes, as measured by their refusal to exchange tokens. The quality of subjects’ relationships, based on a weighted average of grooming, contact and proximity, did not correlate with refusals to exchange, whereas pairs that had lived together longer were less likely to refuse in the contrast condition than were pairs that had lived together for less time. Considering personality, some of the dimensions influenced responses to both inequity and contrast similarly, but the more ‘social’ personality dimensions (‘extraversion’ and ‘agreeableness’) were more strongly correlated with sensitivity to inequity. These results highlight the importance of considering individual differences, including personality, when evaluating responses in cognitive and behavioural tests.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.2947
发表时间：
2005-02-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Brosnan, SF;Schiff, HC;de Waal, FBM
通讯作者：
de Waal, FBM
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Kutsukake, Nobuyuki
通讯作者：
Kutsukake, Nobuyuki
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Lacreuse A;Russell JL;Hopkins WD;Herndon JG
通讯作者：
Herndon JG
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hopper LM;Lambeth SP;Schapiro SJ;Brosnan SF
通讯作者：
Brosnan SF
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Carter, Alecia J.;Marshall, Harry H.;Cowlishaw, Guy
通讯作者：
Cowlishaw, Guy