The evolution of endogenous viral elements.

The evolution of endogenous viral elements.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2011.09.002
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发表时间:
2011-10-20
影响因子:
30.3
通讯作者:
Holmes EC
Holmes EC
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Holmes EC

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内源性逆转录病毒是真核生物基因组的常见组成部分,其进化和潜在功能引起了人们的极大兴趣。更令人惊讶的是,最近发现真核生物基因组中含有RNA病毒的序列,而RNA病毒在其生命周期中没有DNA阶段。类似地,一些单链DNA病毒在其宿主基因组中留下了整合的拷贝。本文探讨了这些内源性病毒元件(EV)的发现所引起的一些主要进化方面。特别是,对来自负义RNA病毒的EVES的偏见的原因被认为是,以及他们告诉我们关于主机和病毒之间的长期“军备竞赛”,其特征在于选择和反选择的情节。最引人注目的是,在不同的宿主中存在正向病毒,这表明一些病毒家族的祖先可以追溯到近1亿年前,因此远远早于从它们的外源亲属的系统发育分析中所预期的。
Endogenous retroviruses are a common component of the eukaryotic genome, and their evolution and potential function have attracted considerable interest. More surprising was the recent discovery that eukaryotic genomes contain sequences from RNA viruses that have no DNA stage in their life cycle. Similarly, several single-stranded DNA viruses have left integrated copies in their host genomes. This review explores some major evolutionary aspects arising from the discovery of these endogenous viral elements (EVEs). In particular, the reasons for the bias toward EVEs derived from negative-sense RNA viruses are considered, as well as what they tell us about the long-term “arms races” between hosts and viruses, characterized by episodes of selection and counter-selection. Most dramatically, the presence of orthologous EVEs in divergent hosts demonstrates that some viral families have ancestries dating back almost 100 million years, and hence are far older than expected from the phylogenetic analysis of their exogenous relatives.
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