Win-win for wind and wildlife: a vision to facilitate sustainable development.
Win-win for wind and wildlife: a vision to facilitate sustainable development.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0017566
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发表时间：
2011-04-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Niemuth ND
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiesecker JM;Evans JS;Fargione J;Doherty K;Foresman KR;Kunz TH;Naugle D;Nibbelink NP;Niemuth ND
风能提供了减少碳排放的潜力，同时提高了能源独立性并促进了经济发展。然而，风能每千兆瓦的土地足迹比大多数其他形式的能源生产都要大，因此适当的选址和减缓尤为重要。需要大的完整栖息地的物种和那些已知避免垂直结构的物种特别容易受到风力发展的威胁。在受干扰的土地上开发能源，而不是在大型和完整的栖息地内进行新的开发，将减少对野生动物的累积影响。美国能源部估计，到2030年，美国将需要在大约500万公顷的土地上开发241吉瓦的陆地风力发电，以达到20%的电力生产。我们估计美国有17700吉瓦的潜在风能，在受干扰的土地上有13500吉瓦。此外，一个以干扰为重点的发展战略将避免开发1230万公顷未受干扰的土地，同时产生与完全基于最大限度地发挥风能潜力的发展相同的能源。风能补贴旨在支持低影响的发展，并制定避免和缓解要求，提高影响敏感土地的项目的成本，可以提高风能和生物多样性保护的公共价值。
Wind energy offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions while increasing energy independence and bolstering economic development. However, wind energy has a larger land footprint per Gigawatt (GW) than most other forms of energy production, making appropriate siting and mitigation particularly important. Species that require large unfragmented habitats and those known to avoid vertical structures are particularly at risk from wind development. Developing energy on disturbed lands rather than placing new developments within large and intact habitats would reduce cumulative impacts to wildlife. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that it will take 241 GW of terrestrial based wind development on approximately 5 million hectares to reach 20% electricity production for the U.S. by 2030. We estimate there are ∼7,700 GW of potential wind energy available across the U.S., with ∼3,500 GW on disturbed lands. In addition, a disturbance-focused development strategy would avert the development of ∼2.3 million hectares of undisturbed lands while generating the same amount of energy as development based solely on maximizing wind potential. Wind subsidies targeted at favoring low-impact developments and creating avoidance and mitigation requirements that raise the costs for projects impacting sensitive lands could improve public value for both wind energy and biodiversity conservation.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Barrios, L;Rodríguez, A
通讯作者：
Rodríguez, A
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Copeland, Holly E.;Doherty, Kevin E.;Kiesecker, Joseph M.
通讯作者：
Kiesecker, Joseph M.
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Kiesecker, Joseph M.;Copeland, Holly;Stroud, Dan
通讯作者：
Stroud, Dan
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Doherty, Kevin E.;Naugle, David E.;Graham, Jon M.
通讯作者：
Graham, Jon M.
干旱区耕地面积变化影响因素——以西北石羊河流域为例
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Cannone, Nicolem;Sgorbati, Sergio;Guglielmin, Mauro
通讯作者：
Guglielmin, Mauro