Germinal Center Hypoxia Potentiates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination.
Germinal Center Hypoxia Potentiates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1601401
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发表时间:
2016-11-15
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sitkovsky M
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Abbott RK;Thayer M;Labuda J;Silva M;Philbrook P;Cain DW;Kojima H;Hatfield S;Sethumadhavan S;Ohta A;Reinherz EL;Kelsoe G;Sitkovsky M
Germinal centers (GCs) are anatomic sites where B cells undergo secondary diversification to produce high affinity, class switched antibodies. We hypothesized that proliferating B cells in GCs create a hypoxic microenvironment that governs their further differentiation. Using molecular markers, we found GCs to be predominantly hypoxic. Compared to normoxia (21% O2), hypoxic culture conditions (1% O2) in vitro accelerated class switching and plasma cell formation and enhanced expression of GL-7 on B and CD4+ T cells. Reversal of GC hypoxia in vivo by breathing 60% O2 during immunization resulted in reduced frequencies of GC B cells, T follicular helper (TFH) cells and plasmacytes, as well as lower expression of ICOS on TFH. Importantly, this reversal of GC hypoxia decreased antigen-specific serum IgG1 and reduced the frequency of IgG1+ B cells within the antigen specific GC. Taken together, these observations reveal a critical role for hypoxia in GC B cell differentiation.
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