Cognitive control and the anterior cingulate cortex: how conflicting stimuli affect attentional control in the rat.
Cognitive control and the anterior cingulate cortex: how conflicting stimuli affect attentional control in the rat.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.06.004
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McGaughy, Jill A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newman, Lori A.;Creer, David J.;McGaughy, Jill A.
越来越多的证据支持前额叶皮层对认知控制至关重要的假设。一个前额叶分区，前扣带皮层，假设是必要的，以解决反应冲突，忽视显着的干扰和改变行为，以响应错误的产生。这些情况都涉及以目标为导向的绩效监控，以有效地调整认知过程。几种神经心理障碍，例如，精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多动症和强迫症都伴随着前扣带皮层的形态变化。这些变化被假设为在这些受试者中发现的需要认知控制的任务上的障碍的基础。采用一种新的冲突监测任务，研究了前扣带皮层兴奋性损伤对大鼠认知控制的影响。在手术前，所有受试者在两次连续的不一致试验中的第二次试验中显示出准确性的提高。前扣带皮层的损伤则消除了这一点。无论认知变化是增加还是减少，受损动物都难以在逐个试验的基础上调整认知控制。这些结果支持前扣带皮层在认知控制调节中的作用。
Converging evidence supports the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is critical for cognitive control. One prefrontal subregion, the anterior cingulate cortex, is hypothesized to be necessary to resolve response conflicts, disregard salient distractors and alter behavior in response to the generation of an error. These situations all involve goal-oriented monitoring of performance in order to effectively adjust cognitive processes. Several neuropsychological disorders, e.g., schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity and obsessive compulsive disorder, are accompanied by morphological changes in the anterior cingulate cortex. These changes are hypothesized to underlie the impairments on tasks that require cognitive control found in these subjects. A novel conflict monitoring task was used to assess the effects on cognitive control of excitotoxic lesions to anterior cingulate cortex in rats. Prior to surgery all subjects showed improved accuracy on the second of two consecutive, incongruent trials. Lesions to the anterior cingulate cortex abolished this. Lesioned animals had difficulty in adjusting cognitive control on a trial-by-trial basis regardless of whether cognitive changes were increased or decreased. These results support a role for the anterior cingulate cortex in adjustments in cognitive control.
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