Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?
Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0901747
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发表时间：
2010-08
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hoek G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johan de Hartog J;Boogaard H;Nijland H;Hoek G
虽然从社会的角度来看，从汽车到自行车的模式转变可能会由于减少空气污染排放，减少温室气体排放和增加身体活动水平而对健康产生有益的影响，但个人不良健康影响的转变，例如更高的空气污染暴露和交通事故风险可能会占上风。我们描述了城市通勤模式转变增加身体活动的健康益处是否超过健康风险。我们已经总结了空气污染，交通事故和体力活动的文献，使用系统评价补充了最近的关键研究。我们量化了荷兰每天有50万人从汽车过渡到自行车短途旅行对全因死亡率的影响。我们使用生命表计算，以生命年的增加或减少来表示死亡率的影响。对于从汽车转向自行车的人，我们估计增加体力活动的有益影响（增加3-14个月）远远大于吸入空气污染剂量增加（损失0.8-40天）和交通事故增加（损失5-9天）的潜在死亡率影响。由于空气污染和温室气体排放以及交通事故略有减少，社会效益甚至更大。平均而言，骑自行车的估计健康益处远远大于改变交通方式的个人相对于汽车驾驶的风险。
Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollution and risk of a traffic accident may prevail. We describe whether the health benefits from the increased physical activity of a modal shift for urban commutes outweigh the health risks. We have summarized the literature for air pollution, traffic accidents, and physical activity using systematic reviews supplemented with recent key studies. We quantified the impact on all-cause mortality when 500,000 people would make a transition from car to bicycle for short trips on a daily basis in the Netherlands. We have expressed mortality impacts in life-years gained or lost, using life table calculations. For individuals who shift from car to bicycle, we estimated that beneficial effects of increased physical activity are substantially larger (3–14 months gained) than the potential mortality effect of increased inhaled air pollution doses (0.8–40 days lost) and the increase in traffic accidents (5–9 days lost). Societal benefits are even larger because of a modest reduction in air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and traffic accidents. On average, the estimated health benefits of cycling were substantially larger than the risks relative to car driving for individuals shifting their mode of transport.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Adams, HS;Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ;Kendall, M
通讯作者：
Kendall, M
影响因子：
5
作者：
Fruin, SA;Winer, AM;Rodes, CE
通讯作者：
Rodes, CE
影响因子：
5
作者：
Beckx, Carolien;Panis, Luc Int;Wets, Geert
通讯作者：
Wets, Geert
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Beelen R;Hoek G;van den Brandt PA;Goldbohm RA;Fischer P;Schouten LJ;Jerrett M;Hughes E;Armstrong B;Brunekreef B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef B
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Forsyth, Ann;Hearst, Mary;Schmitz, Kathryn H.
通讯作者：
Schmitz, Kathryn H.