The importance of barley genetics and domestication in a global perspective.
The importance of barley genetics and domestication in a global perspective.
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcm139
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发表时间：
2007-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Komatsuda T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pourkheirandish M;Komatsuda T
考古证据显示，大麦（Hordeum vulgare）是古代农民使用的最古老的作物之一。研究大麦驯化的时间和地点可能有助于了解古代人类文明。对作物驯化基因的研究揭示了将野生和没有前途的野生物种转化为人类最重要的食物的机制。除了考古研究外，分子研究也为驯化过程找到了新的见解。在大麦驯化的整个过程中，人类对野生品种的选择导致了大麦具有更多可收获的种子。大麦驯化过程中一个显著的变化是六棱大麦的出现。与此性状相关的基因导致每穗的种子数量是祖先野生大麦的三倍。这种种子数量的增加导致了大麦进化的主要二分法。六棱穗基因的鉴定为理解这一性状的进化提供了一个框架。一些重要的大麦驯化基因已经被发现，许多正在研究中。作物驯化基因的鉴定表明，在驯化过程中发生的剧烈变化大多是转录因子基因功能损伤的结果，而新功能的产生很少。六棱穗基因的分离表明，该性状在大麦驯化史上被驯化过不止一次。六棱大麦起源于两棱的祖先形式。大麦和水稻光周期响应基因的分离表明，属于相似遗传网络的不同基因部分控制了这一性状。
Archaeological evidence has revealed that barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the oldest crops used by ancient farmers. Studies of the time and place of barley domestication may help in understanding ancient human civilization. The studies of domesticated genes in crops have uncovered the mechanisms which converted wild and unpromising wild species to the most important food for humans. In addition to archaeological studies, molecular studies are finding new insights into the process of domestication. Throughout the process of barley domestication human selection on wild species resulted in plants with more harvestable seeds. One of the remarkable changes during barley domestications was the appearance of six-rowed barley. The gene associated with this trait results in three times more seed per spike compared with ancestral wild barley. This increase in number of seed resulted in a major dichotomy in the evolution of barley. The identification of the six-rowed spike gene provided a framework for understanding how this character was evolved. Some important barley domestication genes have been discovered and many are currently being investigated. Identification of domestication genes in crops revealed that most of the drastic changes during domestication are the result of functional impairments in transcription factor genes, and creation of new functions is rare. Isolation of the six-rowed spike gene revealed that this trait was domesticated more than once in the domestication history of barley. Six-rowed barley is derived from two-rowed ancestral forms. Isolation of photoperiod-response genes in barley and rice revealed that different genes belonging to similar genetic networks partially control this trait.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Dubcovsky, J;Lijavetzky, D;Tranquilli, G
通讯作者：
Tranquilli, G
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
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Romagosa, I
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Dubcovsky, J