Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation.

Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036
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发表时间:
2017-11-16
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Cramer P
Cramer P
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hillen HS;Morozov YI;Sarfallah A;Temiakov D;Cramer P

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人类线粒体的转录是由单亚单位、因子依赖的RNA聚合酶(MtRNAP)驱动的。尽管mtRNAP在线粒体基因组的表达和复制中起着关键作用,但mtRNAP启动转录的机制仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们报告了组装在轻链和重链启动子上的人线粒体转录起始复合体的晶体结构。这些结构揭示了转录因子TFAM和TFB2M如何帮助mtRNAP实现启动子依赖的启动。TFAM连接mtRNAP的N端区域,将聚合酶招募到启动子上,而TFB2M诱导mtRNAP的结构变化,使启动子开放和捕获DNA非模板链。结构比较表明,线粒体的启动机制与研究良好的核、细菌或噬菌体转录系统不同,但在拓扑和概念水平上发现了相似之处。这些结果为研究线粒体基因表达和DNA复制的调控提供了一个框架。
Transcription in human mitochondria is driven by a single-subunit, factor-dependent RNA polymerase (mtRNAP). Despite of its critical role in both expression and replication of the mitochondrial genome, transcription initiation by mtRNAP remains poorly understood. Here we report crystal structures of human mitochondrial transcription initiation complexes assembled on both light and heavy strand promoters. The structures reveal how transcription factors TFAM and TFB2M assist mtRNAP to achieve promoter-dependent initiation. TFAM tethers the N-terminal region of mtRNAP to recruit the polymerase to the promoter, whereas TFB2M induces structural changes in mtRNAP to enable promoter opening and trapping of the DNA non-template strand. Structural comparisons demonstrate that the initiation mechanism in mitochondria is distinct from that in the well-studied nuclear, bacterial, or bacteriophage transcription systems, but that similarities are found on the topological and conceptual level. These results provide a framework for studying the regulation of gene expression and DNA replication in mitochondria.
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