Precious essences: female secretions promote sperm storage in Drosophila.
Precious essences: female secretions promote sperm storage in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001191
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发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Wolfner MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolfner MF
雌性在交配过程中收到的精子储存在雌性生殖道的特殊位置。这些储存位点用于支持和保留精子，维持精子的活力，并且在哺乳动物中，允许精子最终成熟。将精子吸引到这些部位并调节它们在那里发生的事情的分子仍然难以捉摸。在果蝇中使用优雅的遗传工具的新研究表明，与精子储存器官相关的分泌细胞在精子支持功能中很重要。当雌性缺乏这些细胞的功能时，它们就不会储存精子，或者储存的精子会失去活力。有趣的是，这些效应影响的配子超出了分泌细胞附近的范围。这些细胞的丢失会消除储存在生殖道其他地方的精子的活力，并阻止卵子通过生殖道排出雌性。由于后一个问题，受精卵在缺乏这些分泌细胞的雌性果蝇体内孵化：这些雌性果蝇不是产卵，而是可以“生下”活的后代。由于这些配子调节物质的细胞来源现已已知，未来的研究可以确定雌性吸引精子储存并调节精子和卵子在生殖道内运动的特定分子和机制。确定这些分子和机制如何维持配子处于活跃和可行的形式以及进化如何调节它以产生不同的繁殖策略将是令人着迷的。这些分子的鉴定对于调节具有医学或农业重要性的昆虫的繁殖策略也具有潜在的实际意义。
Sperm that females receive during mating are stored in special places in the females' reproductive tracts. These storage sites serve to support and retain the sperm, maintaining the sperms' motility and, in mammals, permitting final sperm-maturation. The molecules that attract sperm to these sites and mediate what happens to them there have remained elusive. New research, using elegant genetic tools in Drosophila, shows that secretory cells associated with a sperm storage organ are important in sperm-supportive functions. When females lack function of these cells, they do not store sperm, or the sperm that they do store lose motility. Intriguingly, these effects influence gametes beyond the secretory cells' immediate vicinity. Loss of these cells eliminates the motility of sperm stored elsewhere in the reproductive tract and prevents the movement of eggs through the tract to exit the female. As a result of the latter problem, fertilized eggs hatch inside female flies that lack these secretory cells: instead of laying eggs, these females can “give birth” to live offspring. Because the cellular source of these gamete-regulating substances is now known, future studies can identify the specific molecules and mechanisms by which a female attracts sperm into storage and regulates the movement of sperm and eggs within her reproductive tract. It will be fascinating to determine how these molecules and mechanisms maintain gametes in active and viable forms and how evolution can modulate this to result in diverse reproductive strategies. Identification of these molecules also has potential practical implications for strategies to regulate the reproduction of insects of medical or agricultural importance.
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