Assuring access to data for chemical evaluations.

Assuring access to data for chemical evaluations.
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DOI:
10.1289/ehp.1206101
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发表时间:
2013-02
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Silbergeld EK
Silbergeld EK
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goldman LR;Silbergeld EK

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背景资料:用于美国环境保护署(EPA)农药和化学品审查的研究数据库将是提高透明度和改善农药和化学品系统评估的绝佳资源。在这些审查中,越来越多的人要求披露美国环保署使用的研究的原始数据。目的:由于2001年的《信息质量法》(IQA)为请求原始数据提供了一个途径,我们审查了2002-2012年向美国环保署提出的所有IQA请求以及美国环保署的答复。我们确定了访问这些数据的其他机制:公共访问数据库,信息自由法(FOIA)和第三方重新分析。讨论:向美国环保署提出的两项IQA请求仅涉及原始数据。这两项都是根据《信息自由法》而不是《内部质量保证法》完成的。美国环保署主动收集所有这些数据的障碍包括美国环保署和研究人员的成本,研究人员的大量时间负担以及重大的监管延误。美国环保署在这方面的监管机构很薄弱,特别是对于过去进行的研究,不是由美国政府资助的,和/或在国外进行的。美国环保署还受到行业机密商业信息(CBI)要求根据美国化学品和农药法提供监管测试数据的限制。美国国立卫生研究院临床试验数据库系统地收集有关临床试验的统计数据,但不收集原始数据;该数据库可能是化学品和农药研究数据的模型。结论:一个登记研究并获得系统参数和结果的数据库比一个试图主动提供所有原始数据的系统更可行。这样的建议不会剥夺IQA规定的在以后获得原始数据的权利。
Background: A database for studies used for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide and chemical reviews would be an excellent resource for increasing transparency and improving systematic assessments of pesticides and chemicals. There is increased demand for disclosure of raw data from studies used by the U.S. EPA in these reviews. Objectives: Because the Information Quality Act (IQA) of 2001 provides an avenue for request of raw data, we reviewed all IQA requests to the U.S. EPA in 2002–2012 and the U.S. EPA’s responses. We identified other mechanisms to access such data: public access databases, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and reanalysis by a third party. Discussion: Only two IQA requests to the U.S. EPA were for raw data. Both of these were fulfilled under FOIA, not the IQA. Barriers to the U.S. EPA’s proactive collection of all such data include costs to the U.S. EPA and researchers, significant time burdens for researchers, and major regulatory delays. The U.S. EPA regulatory authority in this area is weak, especially for research conducted in the past, not funded by the U.S. government, and/or conducted abroad. The U.S. EPA is also constrained by industry confidential business information (CBI) claims for regulatory testing data under U.S. chemical and pesticide laws. The National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials database systematically collects statistical data about clinical trials but not raw data; this database may be a model for data from studies of chemicals and pesticides. Conclusions: A database that registers studies and obtains systematic sets of parameters and results would be more feasible than a system that attempts to make all raw data available proactively. Such a proposal would not obviate rights under the IQA to obtain raw data at a later point.
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发表时间: 2005-09-01
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DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104579
发表时间: 2012-12
影响因子: 10.4
作者:
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DOI: 10.1056/nejm199312093292401
发表时间: 1993-12-09
影响因子: 158.5
作者:
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