Conventional and Molecular Breeding Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.).
Conventional and Molecular Breeding Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.).
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2021.744259
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
O'Sullivan DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adhikari KN;Khazaei H;Ghaouti L;Maalouf F;Vandenberg A;Link W;O'Sullivan DM
蚕豆是一种冷季型豆类作物，在世界范围内广泛种植，用作食品和饲料。尽管过去蚕豆种植面积有所减少，但由于其种子蛋白质含量高和具有良好的生态服务，全球对种植蚕豆的兴趣正在增加。然而，作物受到各种生物和非生物胁迫，造成粮食产量不稳定，产量低。虽然，对主要病害如蚕豆壳二孢（Ascochyta fabae Speg.）锈菌（Uromyces viciae-fabae（P.）Schroet.），巧克力斑病（Botrytis fabae Sard.）和虫瘿病（Physiologicviciae），但它们的抗性只是部分的，如果没有农艺措施，就不能防止谷物产量损失。需要与宿主植物抗性基因紧密相关的DNA标记来提高抗性水平。在非生物胁迫方面取得的进展较少。人们提出了不同的育种方法，但直到现在，基于系谱法的品系育种仍是育种计划中的主要实践。尽管如此，低的种子繁殖系数和生长在防虫围栏下以避免异交的要求阻碍了育种，沿着缺乏工具，如双单倍体系统和细胞质雄性不育。这降低了繁殖群体的大小和繁殖速度，因此降低了捕获有利等位基因的罕见组合的机会。DNA标记的可用性和使用，如vicine-convicine（vc-）和除草剂耐受性在育种计划中鼓励了育种者，并给予了标记辅助选择的信心。几个生物和非生物胁迫耐受性的紧密连锁的QTL是可用的，并且它们在育种者友好平台中的验证和转换将增强选择过程。近年来，基因组选择和快速育种技术与基因组学技术相结合，已成为加速蚕豆遗传增益的有效手段。基因组资源与其他育种工具、方法和平台的进步将加速育种过程，以提高该物种的遗传增益。
Faba bean is a cool-season grain legume crop, which is grown worldwide for food and feed. Despite a decrease in area under faba bean in the past, the interest in growing faba bean is increasing globally due to its high seed protein content and its excellent ecological service. The crop is, however, exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses causing unstable, low grain yield. Although, sources of resistance to main diseases, such as ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae Speg.), rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.), chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) and gall disease (Physioderma viciae), have been identified, their resistance is only partial and cannot prevent grain yield losses without agronomical practices. Tightly associated DNA markers for host plant resistance genes are needed to enhance the level of resistance. Less progress has been made for abiotic stresses. Different breeding methods are proposed, but until now line breeding, based on the pedigree method, is the dominant practice in breeding programs. Nonetheless, the low seed multiplication coefficient and the requirement for growing under insect-proof enclosures to avoid outcrossing hampers breeding, along with the lack of tools such as double haploid system and cytoplasmic male sterility. This reduces breeding population size and speed of breeding hence the chances of capturing rare combinations of favorable alleles. Availability and use of the DNA markers such as vicine-convicine (vc−) and herbicide tolerance in breeding programs have encouraged breeders and given confidence in marker assisted selection. Closely linked QTL for several biotic and abiotic stress tolerance are available and their verification and conversion in breeder friendly platform will enhance the selection process. Recently, genomic selection and speed breeding techniques together with genomics have come within reach to accelerate the genetic gains in faba bean. Advancements in genomic resources with other breeding tools, methods and platforms will enable to accelerate the breeding process for enhancing genetic gain in this species.
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