A Spatial Life Cycle Cost Comparison of Residential Greywater and Rainwater Harvesting Systems
A Spatial Life Cycle Cost Comparison of Residential Greywater and Rainwater Harvesting Systems
复制标题
住宅灰水和雨水收集系统的空间生命周期成本比较
DOI：
10.1089/ees.2020.0426
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Mo, Weiwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maskwa, Rebecca;Gardner, Kevin;Mo, Weiwei
分散的家庭供水系统越来越多地纳入集中的城市供水网络，以应对与水资源紧张和短缺、可持续水生产和网络复原力有关的挑战。然而，我们对不同地理空间、住房类型和气候条件如何可能影响不同分散式供水系统的经济和节水效益的理解仍然有限。本研究结合系统动力学建模与生命周期成本评估，调查投资回收期和节水效益的家庭灰水回收（GWR）和雨水收集（RWH）系统在一个典型的单一家庭和一个典型的多户住宅在美国12个不同的城市。我们发现，对于GWR系统，城市多户住宅的最佳水箱尺寸为2-3 m3，单户住宅为0.75-0.85 m3。RWH的最佳水箱尺寸范围为5至10 m3的多户住宅和4-6 m3的单户住宅。在所有城市中，GWR系统满足的需求百分比为指定非饮用水用途的70%至90%，而RWH系统的需求百分比为50%至70%。当储罐尺寸针对投资回收期进行优化时，满足的需求百分比通常比满足的最高可实现需求低10%。这表明在最小化投资回报时间或满足最大化需求之间进行权衡。总体而言，波士顿、西雅图和亚特兰大在投资回报时间和满足需求方面表现最好，无论住房和系统类型如何。
Decentralized, household water systems have been increasingly integrated into the centralized urban water networks to address challenges related to water stress and shortage, sustainable water production, and network resilience. However, our understanding regarding how different geospatial, housing type, and climate conditions can potentially influence the economic and water-saving benefits of different decentralized water systems remains limited. This study combined system dynamics modeling with life cycle cost assessment to investigate the payback time and water-saving benefits of household greywater recycling (GWR) and rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in a typical single family and a typical multifamily house across 12 different cities within the United States. We found that for GWR systems, cities had optimum tank sizes of 2–3 m3for multifamily housing and 0.75–0.85 m3for single-family housing. Optimal tank sizes for RWH ranged from 5 to 10 m3for multifamily housing and 4–6 m3for single-family housing. Percent demand met for GWR systems ranged from 70% to 90% of the designated nonpotable usages, whereas RWH systems ranged from 50% to 70% across all cities. When the tank size is optimized for payback time, the percent demand met is generally 10% lower than the highest achievable demand met. This indicates a tradeoff between sizing for minimized payback time or maximized demand met. Overall, Boston, Seattle, and Atlanta performed the best in terms of payback time and demand met regardless of housing and system types.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
R. Richbourg
通讯作者：
R. Richbourg
灰水回收系统的经济评估工具
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
F. Memon;D. Butler;W. Han;Shuming Liu;C. Makropoulos;L. Avery;M. Pidou
通讯作者：
M. Pidou
水危机
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
F. Moss;P. Douglas
通讯作者：
P. Douglas
基于 GIS 的雨水收集决策支持系统 (RHADESS)
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
J. M. Kahinda;A. Taigbenu;B.B.P. Sejamoholo;E.S.B. Lillie;R. J. Boroto
通讯作者：
R. J. Boroto
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Jeong, Hyunju;Broesicke, Osvaldo A.;Crittenden, John C.
通讯作者：
Crittenden, John C.