The origins of individual differences in how learning is expressed in rats: A general-process perspective.
The origins of individual differences in how learning is expressed in rats: A general-process perspective.
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DOI：
10.1037/xan0000116
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Honey, R. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patitucci, E.;Nelson, A. J. D.;Dwyer, Dominic M.;Honey, R. C.
实验室大鼠可以表现出明显的，定性的个体差异的形式获得的行为。例如，当暴露于信号-干扰器关系时，一些大鼠在信号跟踪（与信号相互作用;例如，杠杆）和其他人在目标追踪中显示出显着且一致的变化（与预测强化物的位置相互作用;例如，食物很好）。在这里，在训练过程中，大鼠的信号跟踪和目标跟踪出现了稳定的个体差异，但这些差异并没有普遍适用于不同的信号-行为关系（实验1）。这种选择性表明，个体在符号和目标追踪方面的差异反映了个体对目标的价值的差异。两个研究结果提供了直接的支持，这种解释：适口性的一个bancer（通过舔簇大小的分析测量）与目标跟踪呈正相关（和负相关的符号跟踪）;和饱食大鼠与bancer影响目标跟踪，但没有符号跟踪（实验2）。这些结果表明，观察到的符号和目标跟踪行为的个体差异来自于与性格差异相反的食物的适口性或价值与关联过程之间的相互作用（例如，在感觉过程中，“气质”或反应库）。
Laboratory rats can exhibit marked, qualitative individual differences in the form of acquired behaviors. For example, when exposed to a signal-reinforcer relationship some rats show marked and consistent changes in sign-tracking (interacting with the signal; e.g., a lever) and others show marked and consistent changes in goal-tracking (interacting with the location of the predicted reinforcer; e.g., the food well). Here, stable individual differences in rats’ sign-tracking and goal-tracking emerged over the course of training, but these differences did not generalize across different signal-reinforcer relationships (Experiment 1). This selectivity suggests that individual differences in sign- and goal-tracking reflect differences in the value placed on individual reinforcers. Two findings provide direct support for this interpretation: the palatability of a reinforcer (as measured by an analysis of lick-cluster size) was positively correlated with goal-tracking (and negatively correlated with sign-tracking); and sating rats with a reinforcer affected goal-tracking but not sign-tracking (Experiment 2). These results indicate that the observed individual differences in sign- and goal-tracking behavior arise from the interaction between the palatability or value of the reinforcer and processes of association as opposed to dispositional differences (e.g., in sensory processes, “temperament,” or response repertoire).
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Flagel SB;Clark JJ;Robinson TE;Mayo L;Czuj A;Willuhn I;Akers CA;Clinton SM;Phillips PE;Akil H
通讯作者：
Akil H
DOI：
10.1080/14640748108400816
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ADAMS, CD;DICKINSON, A
通讯作者：
DICKINSON, A
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
DAVEY, GCL;CLELAND, GG
通讯作者：
CLELAND, GG
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Dwyer, Dominic M.;Boakes, Robert A.;Hayward, Andrew J.
通讯作者：
Hayward, Andrew J.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Lesaint F;Sigaud O;Flagel SB;Robinson TE;Khamassi M
通讯作者：
Khamassi M