Rapid social perception is flexible: approach and avoidance motivational states shape P100 responses to other-race faces.
Rapid social perception is flexible: approach and avoidance motivational states shape P100 responses to other-race faces.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00140
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Waggoner AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham WA;Van Bavel JJ;Arbuckle NL;Packer DJ;Waggoner AS
对人分类的研究表明，人们会自动地根据群体成员（如种族）对他人进行分类。与这一观点相一致的是，使用脑电图（EEG）的研究发现，白色参与者在处理黑人和白色面孔时往往表现出早期差异。然而，新的研究表明，这些表面上的自动偏见可能并不像人们想象的那样不可避免，动机的影响可能能够消除这些偏见。然而，目前还不清楚动机影响是否会形成最初的偏见，或者这些偏见是否只能通过后来的控制过程来调节。使用EEG检查的时间过程中的偏见处理，我们操纵的方法和回避的动机状态，分别有参与者拉或推操纵杆，同时观看白色或黑色的面孔。与以前的研究一致，我们观察到对白色面孔的P100反应比对黑色面孔的P100反应更大;然而，这种种族偏见在接近条件下减弱。这些数据表明，快速的社会知觉可能是灵活的，可以调制的动机状态。
Research on person categorization suggests that people automatically and inflexibly categorize others according to group memberships, such as race. Consistent with this view, research using electroencephalography (EEG) has found that White participants tend to show an early difference in processing Black versus White faces. Yet, new research has shown that these ostensibly automatic biases may not be as inevitable as once thought and that motivational influences may be able to eliminate these biases. It is unclear, however, whether motivational influences shape the initial biases or whether these biases can only be modulated by later, controlled processes. Using EEG to examine the time course of biased processing, we manipulated approach and avoidance motivational states by having participants pull or push a joystick, respectively, while viewing White or Black faces. Consistent with previous work on own-race bias, we observed a greater P100 response to White than Black faces; however, this racial bias was attenuated in the approach condition. These data suggest that rapid social perception may be flexible and can be modulated by motivational states.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Cunningham, William A.;Van Bavel, Jay J.;Johnsen, Ingrid R.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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