Positive outcomes enhance incidental learning for both younger and older adults.
Positive outcomes enhance incidental learning for both younger and older adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2011.00129
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Schoeke A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mather M;Schoeke A
先前的研究表明，当人们期待潜在的奖励时，记忆编码会增强，这与多巴胺能系统对动机相关信息的反应也会增强对该信息的记忆的想法一致。在当前的研究中，我们研究了预期和接受奖励与损失如何影响信息的附带学习。此外，我们比较了奖励预期和结果对年轻人和老年人记忆的调节作用。42名年轻人（年龄在18 - 33岁之间）和44名老年人（年龄在66 - 92岁之间）玩了一个游戏，只要他们看到目标就按下按钮。收益试验开始时的提示是，如果他们按下按钮的速度足够快，他们将赢得0.25美元;损失试验开始时的提示是，如果他们按下按钮的速度足够快，他们将避免损失0.25美元;无结果试验开始时的提示是，没有金钱结果。在每次试验中，目标是不同的照片对象（例如，气球，海豚）和性能结果显示后，照片消失。年轻人和老年人回忆和识别图片的试验，积极的结果（无论是奖励或避免损失）比试验的负面结果。积极的结果不仅与对该试验中刚刚看到的图片的记忆增强有关，而且与对接下来两次试验中显示的图片的记忆增强有关。虽然预期奖励也增强了附带记忆，但这种效果只出现在正面图片的再认记忆中，而且效果比结果效果要小。老年人表现出与年轻人相似的奖励预期和结果的偶然记忆效应，这一事实表明，奖励记忆系统的相互作用在老年人中保持不变。
Previous studies suggest that memory encoding is enhanced when people are anticipating a potential reward, consistent with the idea that dopaminergic systems that respond to motivationally relevant information also enhance memory for that information. In the current study, we examined how anticipating and receiving rewards versus losses affect incidental learning of information. In addition, we compared the modulatory effects of reward anticipation and outcome on memory for younger and older adults. Forty-two younger (aged 18–33 years) and 44 older (aged 66–92 years) adults played a game involving pressing a button as soon as they saw a target. Gain trials began with a cue that they would win $0.25 if they pressed the button fast enough, loss trials began with a cue that they would avoid losing $0.25 if they pressed the button fast enough, and no-outcome trials began with a cue indicating no monetary outcome. The target was a different photo-object on each trial (e.g., balloon, dolphin) and performance outcomes were displayed after the photo disappeared. Both younger and older adults recalled and recognized pictures from trials with positive outcomes (either rewarding or loss avoiding) better than from trials with negative outcomes. Positive outcomes were associated with not only enhanced memory for the picture just seen in that trial, but also with enhanced memory for the pictures shown in the next two trials. Although anticipating a reward also enhanced incidental memory, this effect was seen only in recognition memory of positive pictures and was a smaller effect than the outcome effect. The fact that older adults showed similar incidental memory effects of reward anticipation and outcome as younger adults suggests that reward–memory system interactions remain intact in older age.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Kaasinen, V;Vilkman, H;Rinne, JO
通讯作者：
Rinne, JO
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0802127105
发表时间：
2008-09-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dreher, Jean-Claude;Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas;Berman, Karen Faith
通讯作者：
Berman, Karen Faith
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Eppinger, Ben;Kray, Jutta
通讯作者：
Kray, Jutta
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Kaasinen, V;Kemppainen, N;Rinne, JO
通讯作者：
Rinne, JO
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Haycock, JW;Becker, L;Kish, SJ
通讯作者：
Kish, SJ