Overt use of a tactile-kinesthetic strategy shifts to covert processing in rehabilitation of letter-by-letter reading.
Overt use of a tactile-kinesthetic strategy shifts to covert processing in rehabilitation of letter-by-letter reading.
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DOI：
10.1080/02687030903580333
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发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Friedman RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lott SN;Carney AS;Glezer LS;Friedman RB
逐字母阅读器在识别单词之前，按从左到右的顺序依次识别他们正在阅读的单词中的每个字母。当他们的字母命名也受损时，逐个字母的阅读是不准确的，甚至可以使单个单词的阅读非常差。据报道，触觉和/或动觉策略可改善这些患者的阅读，但仅在某些条件下或针对有限的刺激。本研究的主要目的是确定触觉/动觉治疗是否可以显著改善阅读，特别是在正常的阅读条件下，即阅读未经训练的单词在自由视觉和阅读没有明显使用的策略。三个慢性字母的读者参加了触觉/动觉治疗，旨在首先提高字母命名的准确性（第1阶段），然后字母的阅读速度（第2阶段）。在多病例系列设计中，在第1阶段之前、第1阶段之后和第2阶段之后再次评估了在没有明显使用训练过的触觉/动觉策略的情况下阅读未经训练的单词的准确性和速度。所有三名患者在没有明显使用训练过的触觉/动觉策略的情况下，阅读未经训练的单词的速度和准确性都有显著提高。所有三名患者都需要在第2阶段进行额外的练习，以获得显著的改善。治疗并没有针对句子水平的阅读，但三名患者中有两名变得非常熟练，他们可以阅读整个句子。这项研究重复了以前的研究结果的触觉/动觉治疗的有效性，一个字母一个字母的读者与穷人的字母命名。它进一步表明，这种处理可以改变认知过程，使得从未受过专门训练的单词可以在自由视觉中阅读，而无需公开使用训练过的策略。数据表明，达到这一水平的概括的一个重要因素是继续培训超越了最初的掌握点（即准确的字母命名）。
Letter-by-letter readers identify each letter of the word they are reading serially in left to right order before recognizing the word. When their letter naming is also impaired, letter-by-letter reading is inaccurate and can render even single word reading very poor. Tactile and/or kinesthetic strategies have been reported to improve reading in these patients, but only under certain conditions or for a limited set of stimuli. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether a tactile/kinesthetic treatment could significantly improve reading specifically under normal reading conditions, i.e. reading untrained words presented in free vision and read without overt use of the strategy. Three chronic letter-by-letter readers participated in a tactile/kinesthetic treatment aimed at first improving letter naming accuracy (phase 1) and then letter-by-letter reading speed (phase 2). In a multiple case series design, accuracy and speed of reading untrained words without overt use of the trained tactile/kinesthetic strategy was assessed before phase 1, after phase 1 and again after phase 2. All three patients significantly improved both their speed and accuracy reading untrained words without overt use of the trained tactile/kinesthetic strategy. All three patients required the additional practice in phase 2 to achieve significant improvement. Treatment did not target sentence level reading, yet two of the three patients became so adept that they could read entire sentences. This study replicates previous findings on the efficacy of tactile/kinesthetic treatment for letter-by-letter readers with poor letter naming. It further demonstrates that this treatment can alter cognitive processing such that words never specifically trained can be read in free vision without overtly using the trained strategy. The data suggest that an important element in achieving this level of generalization is continuing training beyond the point of initial mastery (i.e. accurate letter naming).
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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