A novel strategy for creating a new system of third-generation hybrid rice technology using a cytoplasmic sterility gene and a genic male-sterile gene.
A novel strategy for creating a new system of third-generation hybrid rice technology using a cytoplasmic sterility gene and a genic male-sterile gene.
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利用细胞质不育基因和基因雄性不育基因创建第三代杂交水稻技术新体系的新策略
DOI：
10.1111/pbi.13457
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Li L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song S;Wang T;Li Y;Hu J;Kan R;Qiu M;Deng Y;Liu P;Zhang L;Dong H;Li C;Yu D;Li X;Yuan D;Yuan L;Li L
杂种优势利用是提高水稻产量最有效的途径。细胞质雄性不育（CMS）和光温敏核不育（PTGMS）系统在水稻生产中得到广泛应用。但不育系杂交稻资源利用率低，光温敏核不育系杂交稻制种受环境影响大。这两种育种方法的技术局限性制约了杂交水稻的快速发展。核不育水稻具有不育性稳定、可自由组合等优点，可填补前两代杂交水稻技术的空白。目前正在利用第三代杂交水稻育种技术，实现核不育材料在杂交水稻中的应用。本研究旨在利用人工不育基因作为花粉杀手，创造一个聪明的不育系杂交水稻生产。利用成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列/CRISPR相关9（CRISPR/Cas9）技术成功获得了一个在籼稻9311遗传背景中不含转基因成分的CYP 703 A3缺陷型雄性不育突变体。通过幼穗愈伤组织转化，将花粉育性恢复基因CYP 703 A3、花粉致死基因orfH 79和选择标记基因DsRed 2三组元件连锁表达载体转化该突变体。获得了遗传稳定的保持系9311 - 3B，可实现核不育材料的批量选育。进一步利用不育系9311 - 3A与恢复系进行杂交，获得了一批杂交水稻上级组合。
Heterosis utilization is the most effective way to improve rice yields. The cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) and photoperiod/thermosensitive genic male‐sterility (PTGMS) systems have been widely used in rice production. However, the rate of resource utilization for the CMS system hybrid rice is low, and the hybrid seed production for the PTGMS system is affected by the environment. The technical limitations of these two breeding methods restrict the rapid development of hybrid rice. The advantages of the genic male‐sterility (GMS) rice, such as stable sterility and free combination, can fill the gaps of the first two generations of hybrid rice technology. At present, the third‐generation hybrid rice breeding technology is being used to realize the application of GMS materials in hybrid rice. This study aimed to use an artificial CMS gene as a pollen killer to create a smart sterile line for hybrid rice production. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology was used to successfully obtain a CYP703A3‐deficient male‐sterile mutant containing no genetically modified component in the genetic background of indica 9311. Through young ear callus transformation, this mutant was transformed with three sets of element‐linked expression vectors, including pollen fertility restoration gene CYP703A3, pollen‐lethality gene orfH79 and selection marker gene DsRed2. The maintainer 9311‐3B with stable inheritance was obtained, which could realize the batch breeding of GMS materials. Further, the sterile line 9311‐3A and restorer lines were used for hybridization, and a batch of superior combinations of hybrid rice was obtained.
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