Self-administered Web-Based Tests of Executive Functioning and Perceptual Speed: Measurement Development Study With a Large Probability-Based Survey Panel.
Self-administered Web-Based Tests of Executive Functioning and Perceptual Speed: Measurement Development Study With a Large Probability-Based Survey Panel.
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DOI：
10.2196/34347
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发表时间：
2022-05-09
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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在大规模人口调查中，认知测试经常被用来描述认知老化，并确定认知障碍的发病率、危险因素和长期发展轨迹。随着这些调查越来越多地在基于互联网的平台上进行，基于网络和自我管理的认知测试需要密切调查。在“了解美国研究”中，研究人员开发了两种基于网络的、自我管理的年龄敏感认知测试，即用于执行功能的走走停停切换任务和用于感知速度的图形识别测试，并对成年参与者进行了管理。我们研究了不同互联网设备类型的认知测试分数的差异，以及这些分数与参与者在测试的日常环境中自我报告的分心程度的关联。此外，还为美国人口提供了国家标准。数据收集自一个基于概率的互联网小组，代表了美国成年人——了解美国研究。同时使用基于键盘和鼠标的设备和基于触摸屏的设备的参与者被要求以随机顺序跨设备类型完成两次认知测试，而只使用一种设备的参与者被要求在同一设备上完成两次测试。在每次测试结束时，参与者都要回答有关测试过程中出现的干扰和潜在干扰的问题。在7410名（停止和走）和7216名（图形识别）完成设备所有权调查的参与者中，6129名（停止和走）和6717名（图形识别93.08%）参与者完成了第一次会议，并正确回答了至少70%的试验。平均而言，不同设备类型之间的标准化差异很小，Cohen d的绝对值从0.05（停走切换得分和图形识别得分）到0.13（停走非切换得分）。较差的认知表现与年龄有中度相关性（r的绝对值从0.32到0.61），这种关系在不同设备类型之间具有可比性（Cohen q的绝对值从0.01到0.17）。大约12.72%（779/6123为停止和走）和12.32%（828/6721为图形识别）的参与者在测试期间被中断。干扰预测较差的认知表现（所有分数P< 0.01）。特定的干扰（如看电视和听音乐）与认知表现的关系并不一致。使用抽样权重计算加权平均分的国家标准表明，随着年龄的增长，认知能力会越来越差。通过自我管理的基于网络的测试评估的认知得分对认知表现的年龄差异很敏感，并且在基于键盘和触摸屏的互联网设备之间具有可比性。日常环境中的注意力分散，尤其是在测试过程中被打断时，可能会导致认知测试中的重大偏差。
Cognitive testing in large population surveys is frequently used to describe cognitive aging and determine the incidence rates, risk factors, and long-term trajectories of the development of cognitive impairment. As these surveys are increasingly administered on internet-based platforms, web-based and self-administered cognitive testing calls for close investigation. Web-based, self-administered versions of 2 age-sensitive cognitive tests, the Stop and Go Switching Task for executive functioning and the Figure Identification test for perceptual speed, were developed and administered to adult participants in the Understanding America Study. We examined differences in cognitive test scores across internet device types and the extent to which the scores were associated with self-reported distractions in everyday environments in which the participants took the tests. In addition, national norms were provided for the US population. Data were collected from a probability-based internet panel representative of the US adult population—the Understanding America Study. Participants with access to both a keyboard- and mouse-based device and a touch screen–based device were asked to complete the cognitive tests twice in a randomized order across device types, whereas participants with access to only 1 type of device were asked to complete the tests twice on the same device. At the end of each test, the participants answered questions about interruptions and potential distractions that occurred during the test. Of the 7410 (Stop and Go) and 7216 (Figure Identification) participants who completed the device ownership survey, 6129 (82.71% for Stop and Go) and 6717 (93.08% for Figure Identification) participants completed the first session and correctly responded to at least 70% of the trials. On average, the standardized differences across device types were small, with the absolute value of Cohen d ranging from 0.05 (for the switch score in Stop and Go and the Figure Identification score) to 0.13 (for the nonswitch score in Stop and Go). Poorer cognitive performance was moderately associated with older age (the absolute value of r ranged from 0.32 to 0.61), and this relationship was comparable across device types (the absolute value of Cohen q ranged from 0.01 to 0.17). Approximately 12.72% (779/6123 for Stop and Go) and 12.32% (828/6721 for Figure Identification) of participants were interrupted during the test. Interruptions predicted poorer cognitive performance (P<.01 for all scores). Specific distractions (eg, watching television and listening to music) were inconsistently related to cognitive performance. National norms, calculated as weighted average scores using sampling weights, suggested poorer cognitive performance as age increased. Cognitive scores assessed by self-administered web-based tests were sensitive to age differences in cognitive performance and were comparable across the keyboard- and touch screen–based internet devices. Distraction in everyday environments, especially when interrupted during the test, may result in a nontrivial bias in cognitive testing.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Langa KM;Llewellyn DJ;Lang IA;Weir DR;Wallace RB;Kabeto MU;Huppert FA
通讯作者：
Huppert FA
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Finkel, D;Pedersen, NL
通讯作者：
Pedersen, NL
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Finkel, Deborah;McArdle, John J.;Pedersen, Nancy L.
通讯作者：
Pedersen, Nancy L.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Cromer, Jason A.;Harel, Brian T.;Maruff, Paul
通讯作者：
Maruff, Paul
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Couper, Mick P.;Kapteyn, Arie;Winter, Joachim
通讯作者：
Winter, Joachim