Loss of visual working memory within seconds: the combined use of refreshable and non-refreshable features.
Loss of visual working memory within seconds: the combined use of refreshable and non-refreshable features.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020356
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发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Cowan, Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ricker, Timothy J.;Cowan, Nelson
我们重新审视了时间在工作记忆信息损失中的作用，工作记忆是认知任务可获得的有限信息。工作记忆是否会随着时间的推移而恶化，这一有争议的问题是使用非传统的视觉字符阵列进行研究的。每个阵列之后是一个感知后的面具，一个可变的保留时间间隔（RI），和一个识别探针字符。戏剧性的遗忘在一个未填充的RI高达6秒观察。在RI期间增加分散注意力的任务（重复，减法或使用口头数字的奇偶性判断）降低了回忆水平，但在RI之间并没有增加。此外，阵列的英文字母不会忘记在RI期间，除非分心的刺激，包括在非常规字符的发现。结果表明，非传统的视觉项目包括一些不可避免地随着时间的推移而丢失的功能。然而，与注意力相关的处理有助于保持其他特征和英语字母。我们确定了重要的工作记忆理论的限制，并提出了遗忘和激活之间的平衡，但只适用于那些不可避免地随着时间的推移而丢失的元素。
We re-examine the role of time in the loss of information from working memory, the limited information accessible for cognitive tasks. The controversial issue of whether working memory deteriorates over time was investigated using arrays of unconventional visual characters. Each array was followed by a post-perceptual mask, a variable retention interval (RI), and a recognition probe character. Dramatic forgetting across an unfilled RI of up to 6 s was observed. Adding a distracting task during the RI (repetition, subtraction, or parity judgment using spoken digits) lowered the level of recall, but not increasingly so across RIs. Also, arrays of English letters were not forgotten during the RI unless distracting stimuli were included, in contrast to the finding for unconventional characters. The results suggest that unconventional visual items include some features inevitably lost over time. Attention-related processing, however, assists in the retention of other features, and of English letters. We identify important constraints for working memory theories and propose that an equilibrium between forgetting and reactivation holds, but only for elements that are not inevitably lost over time.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
BROWN, J
通讯作者：
BROWN, J
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
BJORK, RA;WHITTEN, WB
通讯作者：
WHITTEN, WB
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Cowan, N;Elliott, EM;Hismjatullina, A
通讯作者：
Hismjatullina, A
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cocchini, G;Logie, RH;Baddeley, AD
通讯作者：
Baddeley, AD
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(62)80023-1
发表时间：
1962-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
KEPPEL, G;UNDERWOOD, BJ
通讯作者：
UNDERWOOD, BJ