Implicit Attitude Measures
Implicit Attitude Measures
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隐性态度测量
DOI：
10.1027/0044-3409/a000001
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steffens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steffens
可以说，当前心理学最活跃的研究领域之一是用内隐测量来评估态度和相关结构，我们将内隐测量定义为那些依赖于反应延迟或其他自发特质联想、动作语义激活甚至真实的行为的指标的间接测量。这一研究领域是由这些措施所带来的发现的共同兴奋所团结起来的，无论是与社会态度和行为，临床疾病，消费者决策或自我陈述等有关。正如这一列举所表明的那样，尽管人们对内隐测量允许我们调查的新研究问题感到兴奋，但这项研究仍然存在很大的多样性。首先，这些方法在传统上以很少相互影响为特征的心理学分支学科之间架起了桥梁。此外，所使用的各种隐式测量已经很广泛，并仍在不断增长，这些隐式测量的变体和实现在不同的样本和研究方法。鉴于这种多样性，我们认为它是适当的总结研究，重点放在比较不同的内隐措施或机制的措施之一。这种知识是必要的，有助于确定在特定的研究背景下采用何种措施，也有助于了解某些措施的局限性和其他措施的优势。因此，本特刊中收集的文章比较了两种或两种以上不同的内隐测量方法，或者集中在一种测量方法的测量特性上。最常用的内隐测量方法之一，内隐联想测试（IAT; Greenwald，McGhee，& Schwartz，1998），以一种允许研究人员将其作为标准化测试来实施的方式引入。尽管如此，研究人员不仅使用了与建议不同的刺激、试验次数、评估程序和其他细节;而且最终，他们甚至提出了自己的IAT变体或内隐测量，保留IAT的某些方面，同时消除或增加其他方面（例如，De Houwer，2003; Nosek & Banaji，2001; Olson & Fazio，2004; Sriram & Greenwald，2009; Steffens，Kirschbaum，& Glados，2008）。作为第一个结果，对于如何构建“好的”内部审计测试的问题，答案不再像1998年出现的那样干净整洁。作为这些方法论辩论的第二个结果，IAT研究现在包括了多样性，代价是解决与其他内隐测量的比较（内隐-外显关系相反，已经注意到，例如，霍夫曼，Gawronski，Gschwendner，Le，&施密特，2005）。
Arguably, one of the most thriving research areas in current psychology is assessing attitudes and related constructs with implicit measures, which we define as those indirect measures that rely on response latencies or other indices of spontaneous trait association, the activation of action semantics, or even real behavior. This research area is united by a shared excitement about the discoveries enabled by these measures, be they related to social attitudes and behavior, clinical disorders, consumer decisions, or self-representations, among others. As this enumeration suggests, in spite of the common excitement about the new research questions implicit measures allow us to investigate, there is much diversity in this research. First of all, these approaches bridge subdisciplines of psychology traditionally characterized by little cross-talk. Furthermore, the variety of implicit measures used is already broad and still growing, given variants and implementations of these implicit measures in different samples and research approaches. Given this diversity, we deemed it appropriate to summarize research that focuses either on the comparison of different implicit measures or on the mechanisms underlying one of the measures. Such knowledge is necessary and helpful to determine which measure to employ in a given research context and also to be aware of limitations of certain measures and advantages of others. Thus, the articles collected in this special issue compare two or more different implicit measures, or they focus on the measurement properties of one.One of the mostly used implicit measures, the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), was introduced in a way that would have allowed researchers to implement it as if it was a standardized test. In spite of this, researchers not only used stimuli, numbers of trials, evaluation procedures, and other specifics different from those suggested; but in the end, they even suggested their own variants of IATs or implicit measures that keep certain aspects of IATs while eliminating or adding others (eg, De Houwer, 2003; Nosek & Banaji, 2001; Olson & Fazio, 2004; Sriram & Greenwald, 2009; Steffens, Kirschbaum, & Glados, 2008). As a first consequence, the answer to the question how a “good” IAT should be constructed is not as clean and tidy anymore as it appeared in 1998. As a second consequence of these methodological debates IAT research now comprises a diversity at the expense of addressing comparisons with other implicit measures (the implicit-explicit relation on the contrary has been attended to, eg, Hofmann, Gawronski, Gschwendner, Le, & Schmitt, 2005).
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影响因子：
24.8
作者：
Timothy D. Wilson;Elizabeth W. Dunn
通讯作者：
Timothy D. Wilson;Elizabeth W. Dunn
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;Nosek, BA;Banaji, MR
通讯作者：
Banaji, MR
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;McGhee, DE;Schwartz, JLK
通讯作者：
Schwartz, JLK
虚假管道：新的火炬？
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Thomas Ostrom
通讯作者：
Thomas Ostrom
态度和认知反应：一种电生理学方法。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Cacioppo;R. Petty
通讯作者：
R. Petty