Conservation planning for ecosystem services.
Conservation planning for ecosystem services.
复制标题
生态系统服务的保护计划。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0040379
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发表时间：
2006-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Daily GC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan KM;Shaw MR;Cameron DR;Underwood EC;Daily GC
尽管人们越来越重视保护项目的人的方面，但还没有制定出严格、系统的生态系统服务规划方法。这在一定程度上是因为生态系统服务在地方到区域尺度上的流动特征仍然很差，而且它们的保护通常没有被列为优先事项。我们使用了一个空间明确的保护规划框架来探索在美国加利福尼亚州中央海岸生态区域将生物多样性保护目标与六种生态系统服务（碳储存、洪水控制、饲料生产、户外娱乐、作物授粉和供水）相结合的权衡和机会。研究发现，生物多样性保护优先区与生态区内6种生态系统服务流量之间存在弱正相关和弱负相关。排除两种以农业为重点的服务——作物授粉和饲料生产——消除了所有的负相关。我们比较了四种不同的保护网络设计对生物多样性和六种服务流量的保护程度。我们发现，生物多样性保护保护了大量的服务附带流。直接瞄准生态系统服务可以更有效地满足多种生态系统服务和生物多样性目标，但不能替代有针对性的生物多样性保护（与单独瞄准生物多样性相比，生物多样性损失达44%）。仅以生物多样性和四种积极相关的服务为战略目标提供了很大的希望（相对生物多样性损失7%）。本文提出了一个将生物多样性和生态系统服务整合到保护规划中的初步分析框架，并举例说明了其应用。我们发现，尽管在生物多样性保护和生态系统服务之间存在重要的潜在权衡，但系统的规划框架为确定有价值的协同作用提供了空间。空间明确的框架揭示了提供生态系统服务的重要区域是否与生物多样性保护的重要区域一致，并表明需要扩大当前的保护目标。
Despite increasing attention to the human dimension of conservation projects, a rigorous, systematic methodology for planning for ecosystem services has not been developed. This is in part because flows of ecosystem services remain poorly characterized at local-to-regional scales, and their protection has not generally been made a priority. We used a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to explore the trade-offs and opportunities for aligning conservation goals for biodiversity with six ecosystem services (carbon storage, flood control, forage production, outdoor recreation, crop pollination, and water provision) in the Central Coast ecoregion of California, United States. We found weak positive and some weak negative associations between the priority areas for biodiversity conservation and the flows of the six ecosystem services across the ecoregion. Excluding the two agriculture-focused services—crop pollination and forage production—eliminates all negative correlations. We compared the degree to which four contrasting conservation network designs protect biodiversity and the flow of the six services. We found that biodiversity conservation protects substantial collateral flows of services. Targeting ecosystem services directly can meet the multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity goals more efficiently but cannot substitute for targeted biodiversity protection (biodiversity losses of 44% relative to targeting biodiversity alone). Strategically targeting only biodiversity plus the four positively associated services offers much promise (relative biodiversity losses of 7%). Here we present an initial analytical framework for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning and illustrate its application. We found that although there are important potential trade-offs between conservation for biodiversity and for ecosystem services, a systematic planning framework offers scope for identifying valuable synergies. A spatially explicit framework reveals whether areas important for the provision of ecosystem services align with areas important for biodiversity conservation and indicates the need to broaden current conservation goals.
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