The Pandemic Threat of Emerging H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Viruses.

The Pandemic Threat of Emerging H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Viruses.
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DOI:
10.3390/v10090461
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发表时间:
2018-08-28
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sutton TC
Sutton TC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sutton TC

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1918年H1N1西班牙流感大流行是现代历史上最严重的大流行。与最近的大流行不同,1918年H1N1病毒的大部分基因组直接源自禽流感病毒。最近禽源H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996(GsGd)和亚洲H7 N9病毒已导致数百人感染,死亡率很高。虽然这些病毒还没有传播到受感染的个体之外,但如果它们进化出在人与人之间有效传播的能力,特别是通过空气传播,它们将引发大流行。因此,本综述研究了H5 GsGd和亚洲H7N9病毒,引起了最近的人畜共患病感染,重点是支持空气传播的病毒特性。几种GsGd H5和亚洲H7N9病毒显示分子变化,增强了雪貂之间的传播和/或表现出有限的传播能力。然而,这些病毒的血凝素是不稳定的;这可能是出现能够有效空气传播的病毒的最重要障碍。鉴于流感大流行的全球疾病负担,有必要继续对H5 GsGd和亚洲谱系H7N9病毒进行监测和大流行防范工作。
The 1918 H1N1 Spanish Influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in modern history. Unlike more recent pandemics, most of the 1918 H1N1 virus’ genome was derived directly from an avian influenza virus. Recent avian-origin H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GsGd) and Asian H7N9 viruses have caused several hundred human infections with high mortality rates. While these viruses have not spread beyond infected individuals, if they evolve the ability to transmit efficiently from person-to-person, specifically via the airborne route, they will initiate a pandemic. Therefore, this review examines H5 GsGd and Asian H7N9 viruses that have caused recent zoonotic infections with a focus on viral properties that support airborne transmission. Several GsGd H5 and Asian H7N9 viruses display molecular changes that potentiate transmission and/or exhibit ability for limited transmission between ferrets. However, the hemagglutinin of these viruses is unstable; this likely represents the most significant obstacle to the emergence of a virus capable of efficient airborne transmission. Given the global disease burden of an influenza pandemic, continued surveillance and pandemic preparedness efforts against H5 GsGd and Asian lineage H7N9 viruses are warranted.
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