Cyclic-di-GMP signalling and biofilm-related properties of the Shiga toxin-producing 2011 German outbreak Escherichia coli O104:H4.

Cyclic-di-GMP signalling and biofilm-related properties of the Shiga toxin-producing 2011 German outbreak Escherichia coli O104:H4.
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DOI:
10.15252/emmm.201404309
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发表时间:
2014-12
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Hengge R
Hengge R
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Richter AM;Povolotsky TL;Wieler LH;Hengge R

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2011 年,德国有近 4,000 人感染了产生志贺毒素 (Stx) 的大肠杆菌 O104:H4,其中超过 22% 的患者出现溶血性尿毒综合征 (HUS)。基因组测序显示,爆发菌株与肠聚集性大肠杆菌 (EAEC) 相关,表明其高毒力源自 EAEC 典型的强粘附性和生物膜形成与 Stx 的产生。在此,我们报告爆发菌株含有一种新型二鸟苷酸环化酶 (DgcX),可产生促进生物膜的第二信使 c-di-GMP,其表达量比任何其他已知的大肠杆菌二鸟苷酸环化酶都要高。与密切相关的大肠杆菌不同,爆发菌株在 37°C 下表达 c-di-GMP 控制的生物膜调节剂 CsgD 和淀粉样卷曲纤维,但呈纤维素阴性。此外,随着 CsgD 和 curli 生产的进一步增加和放松管制,它不断产生衍生品。由于 Curli 纤维具有强烈的促炎作用,而纤维素可以抵消这种作用,因此爆发的 O104:H4 菌株产生的高 c-di-GMP 和 curli 产量不仅可以增强粘附性,还可能促进炎症,从而促进 Stx 进入血液和肾脏,而 Stx 会在肾脏中引起 HUS。
In 2011, nearly 4,000 people in Germany were infected by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 with > 22% of patients developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Genome sequencing showed the outbreak strain to be related to enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), suggesting its high virulence results from EAEC-typical strong adherence and biofilm formation combined to Stx production. Here, we report that the outbreak strain contains a novel diguanylate cyclase (DgcX)—producing the biofilm-promoting second messenger c-di-GMP—that shows higher expression than any other known E. coli diguanylate cyclase. Unlike closely related E. coli, the outbreak strain expresses the c-di-GMP-controlled biofilm regulator CsgD and amyloid curli fibres at 37°C, but is cellulose-negative. Moreover, it constantly generates derivatives with further increased and deregulated production of CsgD and curli. Since curli fibres are strongly proinflammatory, with cellulose counteracting this effect, high c-di-GMP and curli production by the outbreak O104:H4 strain may enhance not only adherence but may also contribute to inflammation, thereby facilitating entry of Stx into the bloodstream and to the kidneys where Stx causes HUS.
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