RACE, INCOME, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES.
RACE, INCOME, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES.
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DOI：
10.1525/sop.2008.51.4.759
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hawkins B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downey L;Hawkins B
本文提出的问题是，社区和家庭收入水平与社区危险水平之间的关系是否因社区和家庭种族构成而异。使用全国人口普查地区的数据集，作者发现，收入相似的黑人、白人和西班牙裔家庭生活在环境质量不同的社区，社区和家庭收入水平与社区危险水平之间的关联因社区和家庭种族构成而异，社区和家庭收入水平的增加与黑人社区和家庭的危险水平下降的相关性比白人社区和家庭的更强。这些发现与威尔逊关于种族在现代工业时代的重要性已经下降的说法相矛盾，并证明了环境种族不平等不是种族收入不平等的产物。此外，这些发现表明，更高的收入对黑人/白人接近环境危害的影响与其说与白人地理流动性的增加(相对于黑人的地理流动性)有关，不如说与高收入黑人逃离高度污染、无组织和恶化的社区的能力有关，而这些社区是如此多的低收入黑人所局限的。
This article asks whether the relationship between neighborhood and household income levels and neighborhood hazard levels varies according to neighborhood and household racial composition. Using a national, census tract-level data set, the authors find that black, white, and Hispanic households with similar incomes live in neighborhoods of dissimilar environmental quality, that the association between neighborhood and household income levels and neighborhood hazard levels varies according to neighborhood and household racial composition, and that increases in neighborhood and household income levels are more strongly associated with declining hazard levels in black neighborhoods and households than in white neighborhoods and households. These findings contradict Wilson’s claim that the significance of race has declined in the modern industrial period and demonstrate that environmental racial inequality is not the product of racial income inequality. In addition, these findings suggest that the impact of higher incomes on black/white proximity to environmental hazards has less to do with increases in white geographic mobility (relative to black geographic mobility) than with the ability of higher income blacks to escape the highly polluted, disorganized, and deteriorated neighborhoods to which so many low-income blacks are confined.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01818.x
发表时间：
1995-12-01
期刊：
ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bowen, WM;Salling, MJ;Cyran, EJ
通讯作者：
Cyran, EJ
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Atlas, M
通讯作者：
Atlas, M
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Downey, Liam
通讯作者：
Downey, Liam
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Downey, L
通讯作者：
Downey, L
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Galster, G;Godfrey, E
通讯作者：
Godfrey, E