Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: Prospects and Challenges.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: Prospects and Challenges.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.002
复制
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fortenberry JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zimet GD;Silverman RD;Fortenberry JD
持续的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行迄今已导致全球超过100万人死亡，美国超过20万人死亡。1 COVID-19的大部分（但不是全部）死亡和更严重的后果发生在老年人中。2然而，除了直接的发病率和死亡率数字之外，所有年龄段的人的生活都受到了巨大的干扰，随之而来的是情感、经济和社会压力。3，4管理大流行的方法依赖于所谓的非药物干预措施（NPI），如社交距离、戴口罩、洗手、检测和接触者追踪。这些方法可以有效减轻COVID-19造成的损害，但前提是它们被广泛接受和实施，而美国的情况通常并非如此。NPI通常被描述为权宜之计，“直到疫苗或治疗方法可用”。事实上，由于严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），即导致COVID-19的病毒，人们在开发疫苗以预防感染方面付出了前所未有的努力。截至本报告撰写时（2020年10月），共有44种候选疫苗正在进行人体临床试验，其中11种处于3期试验阶段。5因此，人们非常期待很快就能研制出疫苗。然而，疫苗接种与NPI一样，如果没有精心设计的公共卫生政策、明确的公共卫生沟通和人口的广泛接受，就不会有效。此外，我们还不知道疫苗的有效性如何，疫苗诱导的免疫力能持续多久，包括疫苗接种是否需要像流感疫苗一样按季节进行。此外，必须制定一项计划，公平分配任何可用的疫苗，包括儿童和青少年疫苗，以确保所有人都得到保护，现有的COVID-19健康差距不会恶化。6
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused over 1 000 000 deaths worldwide and over 200 000 deaths in the US to date. 1 Most, but not all of the deaths and more severe consequences of COVID-19 have been among older individuals. 2 However, in addition to the direct morbidity and mortality figures, there have been enormous disruptions in the lives of persons of all ages, with attendant emotional, economic, and social stresses. 3, 4 Approaches to managing the pandemic have relied upon what are referred to as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands, and testing and contact tracing. These approaches can be effective at mitigating the damage caused by COVID-19, but only if they are widely accepted and implemented, which has generally not been the case in the US. NPIs often are characterized as stop-gap measures,“until a vaccine or cure is available.” In fact, there have been unprecedented efforts to develop vaccines to prevent infection because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. As of the writing of this report (October 2020), there were 44 candidate vaccines in human clinical trials, with 11 in phase 3 trials. 5 As a result, there is great expectation that a vaccine soon will be available. However, vaccination, like NPIs, will not be effective without well-designed public health policies, clear public health communication, and widespread acceptance among the population. In addition, we do not yet know how efficacious a vaccine will be or how long vaccineinduced immunity will last, including whether vaccination will need to be on a seasonal basis, like influenza vaccination. In addition, it is essential that a plan is in place for equitable allocation of any vaccine that becomes available, including for children and adolescents, to ensure that all are protected and that existing COVID-19 health disparities are not made worse. 6
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
9
作者：
Head KJ;Kasting ML;Sturm LA;Hartsock JA;Zimet GD
通讯作者：
Zimet GD
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Kasting ML;Shapiro GK;Rosberger Z;Kahn JA;Zimet GD
通讯作者：
Zimet GD
影响因子：
8
作者：
Block, Stan L.;Nolan, Terry;Reisinger, Keith S.
通讯作者：
Reisinger, Keith S.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bogart, Laura M.;Ransome, Yusuf;Ojikutu, Bisola O.
通讯作者：
Ojikutu, Bisola O.
影响因子：
33.9
作者：
Blaisdell, Laura L.;Cohn, Wendy;Vergales, Jeffrey E.
通讯作者：
Vergales, Jeffrey E.