Ambient temperature influences birds' decisions to eat toxic prey.
Ambient temperature influences birds' decisions to eat toxic prey.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.007
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发表时间：
2013-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Rowe, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chatelain, M.;Halpin, C. G.;Rowe, C.
关键词：
警戒性猎物用明显的信号警告捕食者它们的毒性。然而，捕食者经常在他们的饮食中包括警戒猎物，特别是当他们处于一个贫穷的能量状态和需要营养的时候。我们调查了环境因素，环境温度，是否可以改变捕食者的能量状态，并导致他们知道含有毒素的猎物的摄入量增加。我们发现，当环境温度从20 ° C降至6 ° C时，欧洲椋鸟（Sturnus vulgaris）会增加对黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor）的消耗，黄粉虫是一种含有奎宁（一种温和毒素）的猎物。这些鸟类对环境温度变化的敏感性不同，与体重较轻的鸟类相比，体重较重的鸟类随着温度的降低而更快地增加有毒猎物的数量。这可能是因为它们在较低的温度下需要更多的营养，或者能够更好地解毒奎宁。总之，我们的研究结果表明，显着的色彩可能是更昂贵的在较低的温度下，和警戒猎物可能需要投资更多的化学防御随着温度的下降。我们的研究还提供了新的见解，什么因素影响鸟类的决定吃有毒的猎物，并表明选择压力作用于猎物防御可以随着不同的日子，季节，气候变化的温度变化，并可能在应对气候变化。我们研究了温度对鸟类吃有毒猎物的决定的影响。随着天气变冷，鸟类更有可能吃含有毒素的猎物。较重的鸟类对温度的变化更敏感。对猎物防御的选择压力会随着时间、季节和气候的变化而变化。
Aposematic prey warn predators of their toxicity using conspicuous signals. However, predators regularly include aposematic prey in their diets, particularly when they are in a poor energetic state and in need of nutrients. We investigated whether or not an environmental factor, ambient temperature, could change the energetic state of predators and lead to an increased intake of prey that they know to contain toxins. We found that European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, increased their consumption of mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, prey containing quinine (a mild toxin) when the ambient temperature was reduced below their thermoneutral zone from 20 °C to 6 °C. The birds differed in their sensitivity to changes in ambient temperature, with heavier birds increasing the number of toxic prey they ate more rapidly with decreasing temperature compared to birds with lower body mass. This could have been the result of their requiring more nutrients at lower temperatures or being better able to detoxify quinine. Taken together, our results suggest that conspicuous coloration may be more costly at lower temperatures, and that aposematic prey may need to invest more in chemical defences as temperatures decline. Our study also provides novel insights into what factors affect birds' decisions to eat toxic prey, and demonstrates that selection pressures acting on prey defences can vary with changing temperature across days, seasons, climes, and potentially in response to climate change. We investigated the effect of temperature on birds' decisions to eat toxic prey. As it got cooler, birds were more likely to eat prey containing toxins. Heavier birds were more sensitive to changes in temperature. Selection pressures on prey defences will change over days, seasons and climes.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Halpin CG;Skelhorn J;Rowe C
通讯作者：
Rowe C
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BROWER, LP;GLAZIER, SC
通讯作者：
GLAZIER, SC
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BROWER, LP;CALVERT, WH
通讯作者：
CALVERT, WH
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Alatalo, RV;Mappes, J
通讯作者：
Mappes, J
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Barnett, Craig A.;Skelhorn, John;Rowe, Candy
通讯作者：
Rowe, Candy