Mental contrasting of counterfactual fantasies attenuates disappointment, regret, and resentment

Mental contrasting of counterfactual fantasies attenuates disappointment, regret, and resentment
复制标题

反事实幻想的心理对比可以减轻失望、遗憾和怨恨

DOI:
10.1007/s11031-017-9644-4
复制
发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Oettingen
Oettingen
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oettingen

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

关于另类过去的积极反事实引发的负面情绪——“如果只是”消极生活事件的重建——有助于人们在恢复另类过去的机会出现时采取行动。如果反事实的过去消失了,因为没有恢复的机会,那么释放负面情绪应该是更好的解决办法,让人们免受痛苦的感觉。在六项实验研究中,心理对比的自我调节策略(Oettingen,《欧洲社会心理学评论》23:1-63,2012)减轻了对失去的反事实过去的积极幻想所引发的负面情绪,特别是失望、遗憾和怨恨。心理对比(相对于相关控制条件)使人们在评估失去的反事实过去与当前现实时感到不那么失望,这表明对失去的反事实过去的承诺减少(研究1、2、3和4),并且减轻了决策后的遗憾和怨恨(研究5和6)。当参与者被诱导将注意力集中在他们所负责的反事实过去(研究4和5)、他们将其归咎于另一个人(研究6)或他们认为没有人负责(研究2和3)时,这些发现就成立了。这些发现有助于制定干预措施,帮助人们接受他们失去的反事实过去。
Negative emotions elicited by positive counterfactuals about an alternative past—“if only” reconstructions of negative life events—are functional in preparing people to act when opportunities to restore the alternative past will arise. If the counterfactual past is lost, because restorative opportunities are absent, letting go of the negative emotions should be the better solution, sheltering people from feelings of distress. In six experimental studies, the self-regulation strategy of mental contrasting (Oettingen, European Review of Social Psychology 23:1–63, 2012) attenuated the negative emotions elicited by positive fantasies about a lost counterfactual past, specifically, disappointment, regret and resentment. Mental contrasting (vs. relevant control conditions) led people to feel less disappointed when evaluating their lost counterfactual past compared with their current reality, indicating reduced commitment to the lost counterfactual past (Studies 1, 2, 3, and 4), and it attenuated post-decisional regret and resentment (Studies 5 and 6). These findings held when participants were induced to focus on lost counterfactual pasts for which they were responsible (Studies 4 and 5), for which they blamed another person (Study 6), or for which they deemed no one responsible (Studies 2 and 3). The findings are relevant for building interventions that help people to come to terms with their lost counterfactual past.
接近的反事实的情感影响:可能的未来对可能的过去的影响
DOI: --
发表时间: 2002
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Matthew N. McMullen;K. Markman
通讯作者: K. Markman
叙述过去和未来的自我:对成熟的启示
DOI: --
发表时间: 2006
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
L. King;Joshua A. Hicks
通讯作者: Joshua A. Hicks
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.04.002
发表时间: 2008-05-01
影响因子: 3.5
作者:
Summerville, Amy;Roese, Neal J.
通讯作者: Roese, Neal J.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.04.016
发表时间: 2012
影响因子: 3.5
作者:
Elizabeth A. Dyczewski;K. Markman
通讯作者: K. Markman
创造生命的第二次机会:叙事身份中的情感和转变处理
DOI: --
发表时间: 2006
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
J. L. Pals
通讯作者: J. L. Pals