Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States.
Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States.
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美国和青少年的饮食来源，固体脂肪和添加的糖。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.010
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Krebs-Smith SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reedy J;Krebs-Smith SM
这项研究的目的是在美国2-18岁的青少年中确定最主要的饮食能量来源、固体脂肪和添加糖。来自国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)的数据被用来检查食物来源(占总能量的百分比和平均摄入量的标准误差)(2005-06)以及来自固体脂肪和添加糖的卡路里(2003-04)。研究人员调查了年龄、性别、种族/民族和家庭收入的差异，并将空卡路里的摄入量--定义为固体脂肪和添加糖的卡路里总和--与相应的可自由支配的卡路里摄入量进行了比较。2-18岁儿童的主要能量来源是谷类甜点(138千卡/天)、披萨(136千卡/天)和汽水(118千卡/天)。含糖饮料(苏打水和水果饮料加在一起)每天提供173千卡热量。主要贡献者因年龄、性别、种族/族裔和收入而异。在2-18岁儿童摄入的总卡路里中，有近40%是空卡路里(433卡路里来自固体脂肪，365卡路里来自添加糖)(2027年卡路里为798千卡/天)。空卡路里的摄入量远远超过了所有性别年龄组相应的可自由支配卡路里摄入量(从8%到20%不等)。一半的空卡路里来自六种食物：汽水、水果饮料、乳制品甜点、谷物甜点、披萨和全脂牛奶。主要的能量来源和空卡路里之间存在重叠：苏打水、谷物甜点、披萨和全脂牛奶。儿童和青少年可供选择的环境必须改变，提供更少的不健康食品和更少卡路里的健康食品。找出最主要的能量来源和空卡路里，可以为市场和食品环境的变化提供目标。然而，仅靠产品重组是不够的--必须减少流入食品供应的空卡路里。
The objective of this research was to identify top dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among 2–18 year olds in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional study, were used to examine food sources (percentage contribution and mean intake with standard errors) of total energy (2005–06) and calories from solid fats and added sugars (2003–04). Differences were investigated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and family income, and the consumption of empty calories—defined as the sum of calories from solid fats and added sugars—was compared with the corresponding discretionary calorie allowance. The top sources of energy for 2–18 year olds were grain desserts (138 kcal/day), pizza (136 kcal), and soda (118 kcal). Sugar-sweetened beverages (soda and fruit drinks combined) provided 173 kcal/day. Major contributors varied by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and income. Nearly 40% of total calories consumed (798 kcal/day of 2027 kcal) by 2–18 year olds were in the form of empty calories (433 kcal from solid fat and 365 kcal from added sugars). Consumption of empty calories far exceeded the corresponding discretionary calorie allowance for all sex-age groups (which range from 8–20%). Half of empty calories came from six foods: soda, fruit drinks, dairy desserts, grain desserts, pizza, and whole milk. There is an overlap between the major sources of energy and empty calories: soda, grain desserts, pizza, and whole milk. The landscape of choices available to children and adolescents must change to provide fewer unhealthy foods and more healthy foods with fewer calories. Identifying top sources of energy and empty calories can provide targets for changes in the marketplace and food environment. However, product reformulation alone is not sufficient—the flow of empty calories into the food supply must be reduced.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Cotton, PA;Subar, AF;Cook, A
通讯作者：
Cook, A
影响因子：
8
作者：
Wang, Y. Claire;Gortmaker, Steven L.;Kuntz, Karen M.
通讯作者：
Kuntz, Karen M.
DOI：
10.1038/oby.2002.51
发表时间：
2002-05-01
期刊：
OBESITY RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nielsen, SJ;Siega-Riz, AM;Popkin, BM
通讯作者：
Popkin, BM
DOI：
10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00122-9
发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Subar, AF;Krebs-Smith, SM;Kahle, LL
通讯作者：
Kahle, LL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Guenther, Patricia M.;Reedy, Jill;Krebs-Smith, Susan M.
通讯作者：
Krebs-Smith, Susan M.