Circadian Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function.
Circadian Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms23052699
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发表时间：
2022-02-28
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Tosini G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baba K;Goyal V;Tosini G
视网膜色素上皮（retinal pigment epithelium，RPE）是位于脉络膜毛细血管和外层视网膜中的光敏光感受器之间的单层细胞。RPE执行维持和支持光感受器和视觉功能所必需的生理过程。在由RPE执行的许多功能中，通过1-2小时出现的感光体外节的RPE的吞噬活性的峰值的时间。在光的开始之后，已经引起了许多研究者的兴趣，并且因此被深入研究。几项研究表明，RPE吞噬活性的这种爆发是在昼夜节律控制下的，并且存在于夜间和昼夜物种以及杆和锥光感受器中。先前的研究已经证明，在多种视网膜细胞类型和RPE细胞中存在功能性昼夜节律钟。然而，控制这种活动的昼夜节律的解剖位置尚不清楚。实验证据表明，生物钟，褪黑激素，多巴胺和整合素信号在控制这种节奏中起着关键作用。最近的一系列研究报告，RPE中的生物钟控制着吞噬活性的每日峰值。然而，光照射后吞噬细胞活性爆发的丧失并不导致光感受器或RPE在老化过程中的退化。本文就这一现象的机制及其生理作用作一综述。
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells located between the choriocapillaris vessels and the light-sensitive photoreceptors in the outer retina. The RPE performs physiological processes necessary for the maintenance and support of photoreceptors and visual function. Among the many functions performed by the RPE, the timing of the peak in phagocytic activity by the RPE of the photoreceptor outer segments that occurs 1–2 h. after the onset of light has captured the interest of many investigators and has thus been intensively studied. Several studies have shown that this burst in phagocytic activity by the RPE is under circadian control and is present in nocturnal and diurnal species and rod and cone photoreceptors. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a functional circadian clock exists within multiple retinal cell types and RPE cells. However, the anatomical location of the circadian controlling this activity is not clear. Experimental evidence indicates that the circadian clock, melatonin, dopamine, and integrin signaling play a key role in controlling this rhythm. A series of very recent studies report that the circadian clock in the RPE controls the daily peak in phagocytic activity. However, the loss of the burst in phagocytic activity after light onset does not result in photoreceptor or RPE deterioration during aging. In the current review, we summarized the current knowledge on the mechanism controlling this phenomenon and the physiological role of this peak.
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