Increasing flower species richness in agricultural landscapes alters insect pollinator networks: Implications for bee health and competition.
Increasing flower species richness in agricultural landscapes alters insect pollinator networks: Implications for bee health and competition.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.9442
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
建立生态恢复计划，扭转土地退化，减轻生物多样性丧失，恢复生态系统服务。最近的农业集约化导致农村地区花卉多样性和密度下降，随后导致许多昆虫数量下降，因此建立了针对传粉媒介的保护措施，包括沿田地边缘播种野花带（WFS）。在历史上成功地建立了高密度的通才蜜蜂和增加传粉者的多样性，加强鲜花供应对更广泛的生态相互作用和传粉者网络结构的影响很少被研究。在此，我们测试了增加农业景观中花卉种类丰富度和花密度对蜜蜂-植物相互作用网络的影响。我们测量了植物物种丰富度和花的密度，并调查了蜜蜂和大黄蜂在10个英国农场的田野边缘对花的访问，这些农场采用了不同的传粉者保护措施。在夏初和夏末，花的种类丰富度和花的密度都显著增加了蜜蜂的丰度。在网络水平上，较高的花卉物种丰富度并未显著改变蜜蜂物种的一般指数，但显著降低了蜜蜂和大黄蜂物种之间的网络连通性，并略微降低了生态位重叠，这是昆虫竞争的一个代表。虽然更高的连通性和生态位重叠被认为可以增强网络的鲁棒性，并且通常是传粉者网络恢复的目标，但我们认为精心设计的WFS可能通过划分它们的觅食生态位，限制资源竞争和通过共享花卉传播疾病的可能性而使蜜蜂受益。我们还讨论了延长WFS的必要性及其在春季野生蜜蜂种群建立时的积极影响。我们研究了野花条对植物传粉者网络的潜在影响。通过比较野花带和其他农田边缘生境的网络，我们发现花卉物种丰富度的增加显著降低了网络连通性（网络复杂性的衡量指标），并略微降低了蜜蜂物种的生态位重叠（昆虫竞争的代表）。这些发现在生态学和流行病学中具有普遍的相关性，因为我们为保护措施的发展提供了一个新的框架，其中生态相互作用和网络结构被考虑在增加物种丰富度和丰度的当前目标之外。
Ecological restoration programs are established to reverse land degradation, mitigate biodiversity loss, and reinstate ecosystem services. Following recent agricultural intensification that led to a decrease in flower diversity and density in rural areas and subsequently to the decline of many insects, conservation measures targeted at pollinators have been established, including sown wildflower strips (WFS) along field margins. Historically successful in establishing a high density of generalist bees and increasing pollinator diversity, the impact of enhanced flower provision on wider ecological interactions and the structure of pollinator networks has been rarely investigated. Here, we tested the effects of increasing flower species richness and flower density in agricultural landscapes on bee‐plant interaction networks. We measured plant species richness and flower density and surveyed honeybee and bumblebee visits on flowers across a range of field margins on 10 UK farms that applied different pollinator conservation measures. We found that both flower species richness and flower density significantly increased bee abundance, in early and late summer, respectively. At the network level, we found that higher flower species richness did not significantly alter bee species' generality indices, but significantly reduced network connectance and marginally reduced niche overlap across honeybees and bumblebee species, a proxy for insect competition. While higher connectance and niche overlap is believed to strengthen network robustness and often is the aim for the restoration of pollinator networks, we argue that carefully designed WFS may benefit bees by partitioning their foraging niche, limiting competition for resources and the potential for disease transmission via shared floral use. We also discuss the need to extend WFS and their positive effects into spring when wild bee populations are established. We investigated the potential of wildflower strips to modify plant‐pollinator networks. By comparing networks from wildflower strips and other agricultural field margin habitats, we found that increasing flower species richness significantly reduced network connectance, a measure of network complexity, and marginally reduced bee species' niche overlap, a proxy for insect competition. These findings are of general relevance in ecology and epidemiology, as we provide a new framework for the development of conservation measures where ecological interactions and network structure are taken into consideration beyond the current target of increasing species richness and abundance.
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DOI：
10.1111/cobi.12536
发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Batáry P;Dicks LV;Kleijn D;Sutherland WJ
通讯作者：
Sutherland WJ
影响因子：
3
作者：
Chung, Yeojin;Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia;Liu, Jingchen
通讯作者：
Liu, Jingchen
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Fraser, Lauchlan H.;Harrower, William L.;Wilson, Dennis
通讯作者：
Wilson, Dennis
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Forup, Mikael Lytzau;Henson, Kate S. E.;Memmott, Jane
通讯作者：
Memmott, Jane
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Carvalheiro, Luisa Gigante;Veldtman, Ruan;Nicolson, Susan Wendy
通讯作者：
Nicolson, Susan Wendy