Sulfur availability regulates plant growth via glucose-TOR signaling.

Sulfur availability regulates plant growth via glucose-TOR signaling.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-017-01224-w
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发表时间:
2017-10-27
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Wirtz M
Wirtz M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dong Y;Silbermann M;Speiser A;Forieri I;Linster E;Poschet G;Allboje Samami A;Wanatabe M;Sticht C;Teleman AA;Deragon JM;Saito K;Hell R;Wirtz M

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真核细胞的生长受雷帕霉素(TOR)靶点的调控。在后生动物中,TOR的最强激活剂是氨基酸的有效性。已建立的后生动物对TOR敏感的氨基酸传感器在植物中是不存在的。因此,一个基本的问题是如何在光自养生物中实现氨基酸感知。在这里,我们证明了植物拟南芥并不感受含硫氨基酸半胱氨酸本身,而是它的生物合成前体。我们认为激酶GCN2是碳/氮前体可获得性的感应器,而硫前体的限制通过下调葡萄糖代谢传递到TOR。下调的TOR活性导致翻译减少,分生组织活性降低,自噬增加。我们的结果揭示了TOR功能的植物特异性适应。与GCN2结合,TOR允许光自养真核生物在不同的外部营养供应下协调碳、氮和硫的通量,以有效地合成半胱氨酸。植物缺乏调节后生动物TOR的氨基酸感受器。在这里,董等人。结果表明,拟南芥GCN2感知半胱氨酸合成所需的碳和氮供应,而硫限制通过葡萄糖代谢激活TOR,提供了一种植物根据营养供应控制生长的机制。
Growth of eukaryotic cells is regulated by the target of rapamycin (TOR). The strongest activator of TOR in metazoa is amino acid availability. The established transducers of amino acid sensing to TOR in metazoa are absent in plants. Hence, a fundamental question is how amino acid sensing is achieved in photo-autotrophic organisms. Here we demonstrate that the plant Arabidopsis does not sense the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine itself, but its biosynthetic precursors. We identify the kinase GCN2 as a sensor of the carbon/nitrogen precursor availability, whereas limitation of the sulfur precursor is transduced to TOR by downregulation of glucose metabolism. The downregulated TOR activity caused decreased translation, lowered meristematic activity, and elevated autophagy. Our results uncover a plant-specific adaptation of TOR function. In concert with GCN2, TOR allows photo-autotrophic eukaryotes to coordinate the fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur for efficient cysteine biosynthesis under varying external nutrient supply. Plants lack the amino acid sensors that regulate TOR in metazoans. Here Dong et al. show that Arabidopsis GCN2 senses carbon and nitrogen availability for cysteine synthesis while sulfur limitation activates TOR via glucose metabolism, providing a mechanism whereby plants control growth according to nutrient availability.
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